Tel: +61 3 9594 7317
Tel: +61 3 990 24761
Email: Megan.Wallace@monash.edu
Postal address:
Megan heads the "Development of Organ Systems" research group in The Ritchie Centre's Fetal and Nonatal Health Research Theme at Monash Institute of Medical Research.
Many events during fetal and early postnatal life can affect organ development with life-long consequences for the newborn infant. Megans research seeks to determine the mechanisms that regulate normal organ development as well as determining the mechanisms that lead to perturbed organ development around the time of birth.
Megan is particularly interested in the lung because survival at the time of birth depends on the lungs being adequately developed. The lung undergoes an incredible transition at the time of birth because the placenta performs the role of gas exchange during fetal life, but the moment that the umbilical cord is cut, the lung must take on the role of gas exchange, a role that it has never performed before. If the lung does not perform this role adequately, the newborn infant may die or may suffer significant organ damage, such as brain damage, due to a lack of oxygen.
The main cause of "respiratory distress" at birth is premature birth, because the infant is born before the lungs are adequately developed. As a result, these infants often require assisted ventilation, which is necessary for their survival but it can injure the lungs and cause them to develop abnormally. This abnormal lung development is called Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and it is thought to be permanent.
Together with her collaborators at the Ritchie Centre, MIMR (Prof. Stuart Hooper, Dr. Tim Moss, Dr. Marcel Nold & Dr. Claudia Nold), at the Dept of Biochemistry at Monash University (Dr. Tim Cole) and at the Royal Womens Hospital in Melbourne (Dr. Jennifer Dawson and Dr. Peter Davis), she is trying to develop tests to determine which babies sustain lung injury at the time of birth and are therefore at most risk of developing BPD. She is also trying to determine the mechanisms by which the lung develops normally, by which lung injury leads to this abnormal lung development and trialling new therapies to prevent abnormal lung development from occuring.
One of the main causes of premature birth is infection or inflammation of the uterus, placenta and fetus. Together with her collaborators at MIMR (Dr. Tim Moss & Dr. Graeme Polglase) and at the Royal Childrens Hospital in Melbourne (Dr. David Burgner and Dr. Salvatore Pepe) she is also investigating the effects that this inflammation has on the development of the lungs, cardiovascular system and other organs.
Megan completed her PhD at Monash University in 1994 and then did a 3-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. She then returned to the Department of Physiology at Monash University and in 2010 she joined The Ritchie Centre at MIMR.
Megan has been a Chief or Principle Investigator on 32 successful grant applications and is an author on >60 scientific articles. She has supervised 14 Honours students and 9 PhD/Masters students to completion. She currently co-convenes a 3rd year undergraduate unit called "BME3082: Fetal and Neonatal Development". Megan is on the Board of Directors of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ), she is the Chairperson of the Victorian Branch of PSANZ and she was the Co-Chairperson of the 2011 PSANZ Congress in Hobart.
Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., 2006, Lung development, in Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine, eds Geoffrey J Laurent and Steven D Shapiro, Elsevier Ltd, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 613-619.
Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., 2004, Physical, Endocrine and Growth Factors in Lung Development, in The Lung, eds R Harding, K Pinkerton & C Plopper, Elsevier Ltd, USA, pp. 131-148.
Caruana, G., Farlie, P.G., Hart, A.H., Bagheri-Fam, S., Wallace, M.J., Dobbie, M.S., Gordon, C.T., Miller, K.A., Whittle, B., Abud, H.E., Arkell, R.M., Cole, T.J., Harley, V.R., Smyth, I.M., Bertram, J.F., 2013, Genome-Wide ENU Mutagenesis in Combination with High Density SNP Analysis and Exome Sequencing Provides Rapid Identification of Novel Mouse Models of Developmental Disease, PLoS ONE [P], vol 8, issue 3, Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-13.
Fouras, A., Allison, B.J., Kitchen, M.J., Dubsky, S.E., Nguyen, J.T., Hourigan, K., Siu, K.K.W., Lewis, R., Wallace, M.J., Hooper, S.B., 2012, Altered lung motion is a sensitive indicator of regional lung disease, Annals Of Biomedical Engineering [P], vol 40, issue 5, Springer, New York NY USA, pp. 1160-1169.
Thurgood, J.B., Hooper, S.B., Siew, M.L., Wallace, M.J., Dubsky, S.E., Kitchen, M.J., Jamison, R.A., Carnibella, R., Fouras, A., 2012, Functional Lung Imaging during HFV in Preterm Rabbits, PLoS ONE [P], vol 7, issue 10, Public Library Science, San Francisco CA USA, pp. 1-7.
Bach, K.P., Kuschel, C., Hooper, S.B., Bertram, J., McKnight, S., Peachey, S.E., Zahra, V.A., Flecknoe, S.J., Oliver, M.H., Wallace, M.J., Bloomfield, F.H., 2012, High bias gas flows increase lung injury in the ventilated preterm lamb, PLoS ONE [P], vol 7, issue 10 (Art. ID: e47044), Public Library Of Science, United States, pp. 1-9.
Westover, A., Hooper, S., Wallace, M., Moss, T., 2012, Prostaglandins mediate the fetal pulmonary response to intrauterine inflammation, American Journal Of Physiology-Lung Cellular And Molecular Physiology [P], vol 302, issue 7, American Physiological Society, United States, pp. L664-L678.
Hooper, S.B., Kitchen, M.J., Fouras, A., Wallace, M.J., Dubsky, S., Siu, K.K.W., Siew, M.L., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Lewis, R.A., 2011, Combined lung imaging and respiratory physiology research at SPring-8, Synchrotron Radiation News [P], vol 24, issue 2, Taylor & Francis Ltd, UK, pp. 19-23.
Brew, N., Hooper, S., Allison, B., Wallace, M., Harding, R., 2011, Injury and repair in the very immature lung following brief mechanical ventilation, American Journal Of Physiology-Lung Cellular And Molecular Physiology [P], vol 301, issue 6, American Physiological Society, USA, pp. L917-L926.
Siew, M., Te Pas, A., Wallace, M., Kitchen, M., Islam, M., Lewis, R., Fouras, A., Morley, C., Davis, P., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Hooper, S., 2011, Surfactant increases the uniformity of lung aeration at birth in ventilated preterm rabbits, Pediatric Research [P], vol 70, issue 1, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 50-55.
McDougall, A., Hooper, S., Zahra, V., Sozo, F., Lo, C., Cole, T., Doran, T., Wallace, M., 2011, The oncogene Trop2 regulates fetal lung cell proliferation, American Journal Of Physiology-Lung Cellular And Molecular Physiology [P], vol 301, issue 4, American Physiological Society, United States, pp. L478-L489.
Kitchen, M., Habib, A., Fouras, A., Dubsky, S., Lewis, R., Wallace, M., Hooper, S., 2010, A new design for high stability pressure-controlled ventilation for small animal lung imaging, Journal of Instrumentation [P], vol 5, issue 2, Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd, Bristol England, pp. 1-12.
Filby, C., Hooper, S., Wallace, M., 2010, Partial pulmonary embolization disrupts alveolarization in fetal sheep, Respiratory Research [P], vol 11, issue 42, BioMed Central Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 1-15.
Crossley, K.J., Morley, C.J., Allison, B.J., Davis, P.G., Polglase, G.R., Wallace, M.J., Zahra, V.A., Hooper, S.B., 2009, Antenatal corticosteroids increase fetal, but not postnatal, pulmonary blood flow in sheep, Pediatric Research [P], vol 66, issue 3, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 283-288.
Wallace, M.J., Probyn, M.E., Zahra, V.A., Crossley, K.J., Cole, T.J., Davis, P.G., Morley, C.J., Hooper, S.B., 2009, Early biomarkers and potential mediators of ventilation-induced lung injury in very preterm lambs, Respiratory Research, vol 10, issue 19, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-15.
Te Pas, A.B., Siew, M.L., Wallace, M.J., Kitchen, M.J., Fouras, A., Lewis, R., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Donath, S., Davis, P.G., Morley, C.J., Hooper, S.B., 2009, Effect of sustained inflation length on establishing functional residual capacity at birth in ventilated premature rabbits, Pediatric Research [P], vol 66, issue 3, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 295-300.
Te Pas, A.B., Siew, M.L., Wallace, M.J., Kitchen, M.J., Fouras, A., Lewis, R.A., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Donath, S., Davis, P.G., Morley, C.J., Hooper, S.B., 2009, Establishing functional residual capacity at birth: The effect of sustained inflation and positive end-expiratory pressure in a preterm rabbit model, Pediatric Research [P], vol 65, issue 5, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 537-541.
Hooper, S.B., Kitchen, M.J., Siew, M.L., Lewis, R.A., Fouras, A., te Pas, A.B., Siu, K.K.W., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Wallace, M.J., 2009, Imaging lung aeration and lung liquid clearance at birth using phase contrast x-ray imaging, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, vol 36, issue 1, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 117-125.
Siew, M.L., Wallace, M.J., Kitchen, M.J., Lewis, R.A., Fouras, A., te Pas, A.B., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Siu, K.K.W., Hooper, S.B., 2009, Inspiration regulates the rate and temporal pattern of lung liquid clearance and lung aeration at birth, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol 106, issue 6, American Physiological Society, USA, pp. 1888-1895.
Siew, M.L., te Pas, A.B., Wallace, M.J., Kitchen, M.J., Lewis, R.A., Fouras, A., Morley, C.J., Davis, P.G., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Hooper, S.B., 2009, Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol 106, issue 5, American Physiological Society, USA, pp. 1487-1493.
Kitchen, M.J., Lewis, R., Morgan, M.J., Wallace, M.J., Siew, M.L., Siu, K.K.W., Habib, A., Fouras, A., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Hooper, S.B., 2008, Dynamic measures of regional lung air volume using phase contrast x-ray imaging, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol 53, issue 21, Institute of Physics Publishing, UK, pp. 6065-6077.
Kitchen, M.J., Pavlov, K.M., Hooper, S.B., Vine, D.J., Siu, K.K.W., Wallace, M.J., Siew, M.L., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Lewis, R., 2008, Simultaneous acquisition of dual analyser-based phase contrast x-ray images for small animal imaging, European Journal of Radiology, vol 68, Elsevier, Ireland, pp. 49-53.
Faggian, J., Fosang, A.J., Zieba, M., Wallace, M.J., Hooper, S.B., 2007, Changes in versican and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans during structural development of the lung, American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol 293, issue 2, Americal Physiological Society, Bethesda MD USA, pp. R784-R792.
Hooper, S.B., Kitchen, M.J., Wallace, M.J., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., Morgan, M.J., Hall, C.J., Siu, K.K.W., Williams, I.M., Siew, M.L., Irvine, S.C., Pavlov, K.M., Lewis, R., 2007, Imaging lung aeration and lung liquid clearance at birth, The FASEB Journal, vol 21, issue 12, Federation of American Society of Experimental Biologists, USA, pp. 3329-3337.
Flecknoe, S.J., Crossley, K.J., Zuccala, G.M., Searle, J.E., Allison, B.J., Wallace, M.J., Hooper, S.B., 2007, Increased lung expansion alters lung growth but not alveolar epithelial cell differentiation in newborn lambs, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol 292, issue 2, American Physiological Society, Bethesda USA, pp. L454-L461.
Sozo, F., Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., 2007, Thrombospondin-1 expression and localization in the developing ovine lung, Journal of Physiology-London, vol 584, issue Pt 2, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford England UK, pp. 625-635.
Sozo, F., Wallace, M.J., Hanna, M., Flecknoe, S.J., Cock, M.L., Maritz, G., Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., 2006, Alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and surfactant protein expression after mild preterm birth in sheep, Pediatric Research, vol 59, issue 1, Int. Pediartric Research Foundation, Inc., Baltimore USA, pp. 151-156.
Suzuki, K., Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., Probyn, M.E., Harding, R., 2006, Effects of antenatal corticosteroid treatment on pulmonary ventilation and circulation in neonatal lambs with hypoplastic lungs, Pediatric Pulmonology, vol 41, issue 9, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken USA, pp. 844-854.
Sozo, F., Wallace, M.J., Zahra, V.A., Filby, C.E., Hooper, S.B., 2006, Gene expression profiling during increased fetal lung expansion identifies genes likely to regulate development of the distal airways, Physiological Genomics, vol 24, issue 2, American Physiological Society, Bethesda USA, pp. 105-113.
Polglase, G.R., Wallace, M.J., Morgan, D.L., Hooper, S.B., 2006, Increases in lung expansion alter pulmonary hemodynamics in fetal sheep, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol 101, issue 1, American Physiology Society, Bethesda USA, pp. 273-282.
Wallace, M.J., Thiel, A.M., Lines, A.M., Polglase, G., Sozo, F., Hooper, S.B., 2006, Role of platelet-derived growth factor-B, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-II, mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-beta1 in expansion-induced lung growth in fetal sheep, Reproduction, Fertility and Development, vol 18, issue 6, CSIRO, Australia, pp. 655-665.
Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., 2006, Role of the physicochemical environment in lung development, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol 33, issue 3, Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 273-279.
Filby, C.E., Hooper, S.B., Sozo, F., Zahra, V.A., Flecknoe, S.J., Wallace, M.J., 2006, VDUP1: A potential mediator of expansion-induced lung growth and epithelial cell differentiation in the ovine fetus, American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol 290, issue 2, American Physiological Society, USA, pp. L250-L258.
Lewis, R.A., Yagi, N., Kitchen, M.J., Morgan, M.J., Paganin, D., Siu, K.K.W., Pavlov, K.M., Williams, I.M., Uesugi, K., Wallace, M.J., Hall, C.J., Whitley, J., Hooper, S.B., 2005, Dynamic imaging of the lungs using X-ray phase contrast, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol 50, issue 21, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol UK, pp. 5031-5040.
Cock, M.L., Hanna, M., Sozo, F., Wallace, M.J., Yawno, T., Suzuki, K., Maritz, G.S., Hooper, S.B., Harding, R., 2005, Pulmonary function structure following mild preterm birth in lambs, Pediatric Pulmonology, vol 40, issue 4, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, pp. 336-348.
Boland, R.E., Joyce, B.J., Wallace, M.J., Stanton, H., Fosang, A.J., Pierce, R.A., Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., 2004, Cortisol enhances structural maturation of the hypoplastic fetal lung in sheep, Journal of Physiology, vol 554, issue 2, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford UK, pp. 505-517.
Polglase, G.R., Wallace, M.J., Grant, D.A., Hooper, S.B., 2004, Influence of fetal breathing movements on pulmonary hemodynamics in fetal sheep, Pediatric Research, vol 56, issue 6, International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc., Baltimore USA, pp. 932-938.
Cock, M.L., Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., Gagnon, R., Brace, R.A., Louey, S.C., Harding, R., 2004, Pulmonary elastin synthesis and deposition in developing and mature sheep: effects of intrauterine growth restriction, Experimental Lung Research, vol 30, issue 5, Taylor & Francis Inc., Philadelphia USA, pp. 405-418.
Flecknoe, S.J., Boland, R.E., Wallace, M.J., Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., 2004, Regulation of alveolar epithelial cell phenotypes in fetal sheep: roles of cortisol and lung expansion, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol 287, issue 6, American Physiological Society, Bethesda USA, pp. 1207-1214.
Flecknoe, S.J., Wallace, M.J., Cock, M.L., Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., 2003, Changes in alveolar epithelial cell proportions during fetal and postnatal development in sheep, American Journal of Physiology, Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol 285, issue 3, American Physiological Society, Bethesda USA, pp. 664-670.
Joyce, B.J., Wallace, M.J., Pierce, R.A., Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., 2003, Sustained changes in lung expansion alter tropoelastin mRNA levels and elastin content in fetal sheep lungs, American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol 284, issue 4, American Physiological Society, Bethesda USA, pp. 643-649.
Flecknoe, S.J., Wallace, M.J., Harding, R., Hooper, S.B., 2002, Determination of alveolar epithelial cell phenotypes in fetal sheep: evidence for the involvement of basal lung expansion, Journal of Physiology, vol 542-1, Cambridge University Press, New York NY USA, pp. 245-253.
Lines, A.M., Gillett, A.M., Phillips, I.D., Wallace, M.J., Hooper, S.B., 2001, Re-expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins following tracheal obstruction in fetal sheep, Experimental Physiology, vol 86, issue 1, Cambridge University Press, New York NY USA, pp. 55-63.
Probyn, M., Wallace, M., Hooper, S.B., 2000, Effect of increased lung expansion lung growth development near midgestation in fetal sheep, Pediatric Research, vol 47 issue 6, International Pediatric Research Foundation, Baltimore MD USA, pp. 806-812.
Cose, S.C., Wallace, M.J., Jones, C., Heath, W.R., Carbone, F.R., 1997, Antigen-specific CD8+T Cell subset Distribution in Lymph Nodes Draining the Site Herpes Simplex Virus Infection, European Journal of Immunology, vol 27, WILEY-VCH Verlag, Germany Weinheim, pp. 2310-2316.
Fouras, A., Dubsky, S.E., Nguyen, J.T., Hourigan, K., Kitchen, M.J., Allison, B.J., Wallace, M.J., Siew, M.L., Siu, K.K.W., Lewis, R., Uesugi, K., Yagi, N., Hooper, S.B., 2009, In-vivo Synchrotron PIV for the masurement of airway motion, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, 25-28 August, PIV09 Committee, Australia, p. PIV09-0040 (CD).
Kitchen, M.J., Lewis, R., Hooper, S.B., Wallace, M.J., Siu, K.K.W., Williams, I.M., Irvine, S., Morgan, M.J., Paganin, D.M., Pavlov, K.M., Yagi, N., Uesugi, K., 2007, Dynamic studies of lung fluid clearance with phase contrast imaging, Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, 28/05/2006 to 02/06/2006, American Institute of Physics, USA, pp. 1903-1907.
Harding, R., Cock, M.L., Joyce, B.J., Louey, S.C., Wignarajah, D., Suzuki, K., Albuquerque, C.A., Maritz, G., Wallace, M.J., Hooper, S.B., 2003, Immediate and long-term consequences of induced low birthweight in sheep, Havemeyer Foundation Monograph Series No. 8, 13 March 2002 - 15 March 2002, R & W Publications (Newmarket) Limited, Newmarket UK, pp. 29-31.
Probyn, M.E., Wallace, M.J., Hooper, S.B., 1999, Effects of tracheal obstruction on lung growth and development at mid gestation in fetal sheep, Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand 3rd Annual Congress, Melbourne, Victoria, The Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand, Parramatta NSW, p. 116.
Lines, A., Gillett, A., Wallace, M.J., Phillips, I.D., Hooper, S.B., 1999, Release of tracheal obstruction increases SP-A and SP-C mRNA levels in the fetal sheep lung, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA, 23-28 April 1999, American Thoracic Society, New York NY USA, p. 663A.
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