Prof Carl Kirkpatrick - Researcher Profile

Biography

Position

Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Head of Pharmacy Practice
Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Co-director
Centre for Medicine Use and Safety

Research & Supervision Interests

• Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling
• Monitoring and Bayesian optimisation of dosing of antibacterial agents (especially aminoglycosides)
• Optimisation of dosing in renal dysfunction
• Pharmacokinetics and dosing in obesity
• Drugs in breast milk
• Quality use of medicines

Keywords

Optimisation of dosing, Quality use of medicines, aminoglycosides, dosing of antibacterial agents, drugs in breast milk, medicine use and safety, obesity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, renal dysfunction

Qualifications

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHD)

Institution: University of Otago

Year awarded: 2002

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

Institution: University of Otago

Year awarded: 1991

Publications

Book Chapters

Begg, E., Gardiner, S., Kirkpatrick, C., 2010, Lactation and contamination of breast milk with xenobiotics, in Comprehensive Toxicology, eds Charlene A. McQueen, Elsevier, United States, pp. 445-455.

Journal Articles

Patel, K., Rademaker, M., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Charles, C.J., Fisher, S., Yandle, T., Richards, A.M., 2012, Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of urocortins 1, 2 and 3 in healthy sheep, British Journal of Pharmacology [P], vol 166, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., London, pp. 1916-1925.

Mitchell, S.J., Hilmer, S.N., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Hansen, R.D., Williamson, D.A., Singh, N.A., Finnegan, T.P., Allen, B.J., Diamond, T.H., Diwan, A.A., Lloyd, B.D., Smith, E., Fiatarone Singh, M.A., 2012, Estimation of lean body weight in older women with hip fracture, Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging [P], vol 16, issue 2, Springer France, Paris France, pp. 188-192.

Duong, J.K., Roberts, D.M., Furlong, T.J., Kumar, S.S., Greenfield, J.R., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Graham, G.G., Williams, K.M., Day, R.O., 2012, Metformin therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease, Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism [P], vol 14, issue 10, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden USA, pp. 963-965.

Chigutsa, E., Meredith, S., Wiesner, L., Padayatchi, N., Harding, J., Moodley, P., Kenzie, W.R.M., Weiner, M.H., McIlleron, H., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., 2012, Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ofloxacin in South African patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 56, issue 7, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 3857-3863.

Landersdorfer, C.B., Bulitta, J.B., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Kinzig, M., Holzgrabe, U., Drusano, G.L., Stephan, U., Sorgel, F., 2012, Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin at two dose levels: Influence of nonlinear pharmacokinetics on the pharmacodynamic profile, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 56, issue 11, Amercian Society of Microbiology, Washington DC, USA, pp. 5715-5723.

Ostini, R., Roughead, E., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Monteith, G.R., Tett, S.E., 2012, Quality use of medicines - medication safety issues in naming; look-alike, sound-alike medicine names, International Journal of Pharmacy Practice [P], vol 20, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 349-357.

Saleem, M., Dimeski, G., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Taylor, P.J., Martin, J.H., 2012, Target concentration intervention in oncology: where are we at?, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [P], vol 34, issue 3, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA, pp. 257-265.

Stocker, S.L., McLachlan, A., Savic, R.M., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Graham, G.G., Williams, K.M., Day, R.O., 2012, The pharmacokinetics of oxypurinol in people with gout, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 74, issue 3, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden USA, pp. 477-489.

McLeay, S.C., Morrish, G.A., Kirkpatrick, C.M.J., Green, B., 2012, The relationship between drug clearance and body size: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published from 2000 to 2007, Clinical Pharmacokinetics [P], vol 51, issue 5, Adis International Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 319-330.

Roberts, J., Roberts, M., Semark, A., Udy, A., Kirkpatrick, C., Paterson, D., Roberts, M., Kruger, P., Lipman, J., 2011, Antibiotic dosing in the 'at risk' critically ill patient: Linking pathophysiology with pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in sepsis and trauma patients, BMC Anesthesiology [P], vol 11, issue 3, BioMed Central Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 1-7.

Barras, M., Alraman, H., Kirkpatrick, C., Harris, M., Dakin, C., Jess, K., Pilbeam, M., Norris, R., 2011, Bayesian optimisation of tobramycin dosing in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research [P], vol 41, issue 3, Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia, Australia, pp. 183-187.

Graham, G., Punt, J., Arora, M., Day, R., Doogue, M., Duong, J., Furlong, T., Greenfield, J., Greenup, L., Kirkpatrick, C., Ray, J., Timmins, P., 2011, Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin, Clinical Pharmacokinetics [P], vol 50, issue 2, Adis International Ltd., New Zealand, pp. 81-98.

Avent, M., Teoh, J., Lees, J., Eckert, K., Kirkpatrick, C., 2011, Comparing 3 methods of monitoring gentamicin concentrations in patients with febrile neutropenia, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [P], vol 33, issue 5, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 592-600.

Abdul-Aziz, M., Staatz, C., Kirkpatrick, C., Lipman, J., Roberts, J., 2011, Continuous infusion vs. bolus dosing: Implications for beta-lactam antibiotics, Minerva Anestesiologica [P], vol 77, issue 4, Minerva Medica, Italy, pp. 1-2.

Barraclough, K., Isbel, N., Kirkpatrick, C., Lee, K., Taylor, P., Johnson, D., Campbell, S., Leary, D., Staatz, C., 2011, Evaluation of limited sampling methods for estimation of tacrolimus exposure in adult kidney transplant recipients, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology [E], vol 71, issue 2, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 207-223.

Li, J., Udy, A., Kirkpatrick, C., Lipman, J., Roberts, J., 2011, Improving vancomycin prescription in critical illness through a drug use evaluation process: a weight-based dosing intervention study, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents [P], vol 39, issue 1, Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 69-72.

Roberts, J., Kirkpatrick, C., Lipman, J., 2011, Monte carlo simulations: Maximizing antibiotic pharmacokinetic data to optimize clinical practice for critically ill patients, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 66, issue 2, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 227-231.

Martin, J., Fay, M., Udy, A., Roberts, J., Kirkpatrick, C., Ungerer, J., Lipman, J., 2011, Pitfalls of using estimations of glomerular filtration rate in an intensive care population, Internal Medicine Journal [P], vol 41, issue 7, Blackwell Science Asia, Australia, pp. 537-542.

Patel, K., Roberts, J., Lipman, J., Tett, S., Deldot, M., Kirkpatrick, C., 2011, Population pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration: using Monte Carlo simulations to predict doses for specified pharmacodynamic targets, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 5868-5873.

Chachay, V., Kirkpatrick, C., Hickman, I., Ferguson, M., Prins, J., Martin, J., 2011, Resveratrol - pills to replace a healthy diet?, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology [E], vol 72, issue 1, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 27-38.

Wu, S., Singhania, A., Putral, L., Kirkpatrick, C., Davies, N., McMillan, N., 2011, Systemic delivery of E6/7 siRNA using novel lipidic particles and its application with cisplatin in cervical cancer mouse models, Gene Therapy [P], vol 18, Nature Publishing Group, United Kingdom, pp. 14-22.

Landersdorfer, C., Kirkpatrick, C., Kinzig, M., Bulitta, J., Holzgrabe, U., Jaehde, U., Reiter, A., Naber, K., Rodamer, M., Sorgel, F., 2010, Competitive inhibition of renal tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin and metabolite by probenecid, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology [E], vol 69, issue 2, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 167-178.

Barras, M., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., 2010, Current dosing of low-molecular-weight heparins does not reflect licensed product labels: an international survey, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 69, issue 5, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 520-528.

Mitchell, S., Kirkpatrick, C., Le Couteur, D., Naganathan, V., Sambrook, P., Seibel, M., Blyth, F., Waite, L., Handelsman, D., Cumming, R., Hilmer, S., 2010, Estimation of lean body weight in older community-dwelling men, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology [E], vol 69, issue 2, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 118-127.

Roberts, J., Kirkpatrick, C., Roberts, M., Dalley, A., Lipman, J., 2010, First-dose and steady-state population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin by continuous or intermittent dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents [P], vol 35, issue 2, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 156-163.

Nelis, S., Sievers, C., Jarrett, M., Nissen, L., Kirkpatrick, C., Shaw, P., 2010, Quantitative analysis of lignocaine and metabolites in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry., Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences [P], vol 878, issue 22, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 2018-2022.

Roberts, J., Field, J., Visser, A., Whitbread, R., Tallot, M., Lipman, J., Kirkpatrick, C., 2010, Using population pharmacokinetics to determine gentamicin dosing during extended daily diafiltration in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 54, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3635-3640.

Landersdorfer, C., Kirkpatrick, C., Kinzig, M., Bulitta, J., Holzgrabe, U., Drusano, G., Sorgel, F., 2009, Competitive inhibition of renal tubular secretion of gemifloxacin by probenecid, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 53, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3902-3907.

Han, P., Shaw, P., Kirkpatrick, C., 2009, Determination of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences [P], vol 877, issue 27, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 3215-3220.

Begg, E., Vella-Brincat, J., Robertshawe, B., McMurtrie, M., Kirkpatrick, C., Darlow, B., 2009, Eight years' experience of an extended-interval dosing protocol for gentamicin in neonates, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 63, issue 1, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 1043-1049.

McLeay, S., Morrish, G., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., 2009, Encouraging the move towards predictive population models for the obese using propofol as a motivating example, Pharmaceutical Research [P], vol 26, issue 7, Springer New York LLC, United States, pp. 1626-1634.

Han, P., Dufful, S., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., 2009, Influence of lean body weight on anticancer drug clearance, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics [P], vol 85, issue 1, Nature Publishing Group, United States, p. 24.

Han, P., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., 2009, Informative study designs to identify true parameter-covariate relationships, Journal Of Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics [P], vol 36, issue 2, Springer New York LLC, United States, pp. 147-163.

Roberts, J., Kirkpatrick, C., Roberts, M., Robertson, T., Dalley, A., Lipman, J., 2009, Meropenem dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis and without renal dysfunction: intermittent bolus versus continuous administration? Monte Carlo dosing simulations and subcutaneous tissue distribution, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 64, issue 1, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 142-150.

Tanos, P., Isbister, G., Lalloo, D., Kirkpatrick, C., Duffull, S., 2008, A model for venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy in snake bite, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology [P], vol 52, Pergamon, United Kingdom, pp. 769-780.

Chan, A., Isbister, G., Kirkpatrick, C., Dufful, S., 2008, Assessing risk of a prolonged QT interval-a survey of emergency physicians, International Journal of Emergency Medicine [P], vol 1, issue 1, Springer New York LLC, United States, pp. 35-41.

Gardiner, S., Kirkpatrick, C., Zhang, M., Begg, E., 2008, Cimetidine does not appear to influence the distribution of metformin into human milk, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 66, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 564-565.

Roos, J., Kirkpatrick, C., Tett, S., McLachlan, A., Duffull, S., 2008, Development of a sufficient design for estimation of fluconazole pharmacokinetics in people with HIV infection, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 66, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 455-466.

Landersdorfer, C., Kirkpatrick, C., Kinzig, M., Bulitta, J., Holzgrabe, U., Sorgel, F., 2008, Inhibition of flucloxacillin tubular renal secretion by piperacillin, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 66, issue 5, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 648-659.

Janmahasatian, S., Duffull, S., Chagnac, A., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., 2008, Lean body mass normalizes the effect of obesity on renal function, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 65, issue 6, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 964-965.

Dowling, J., Isbister, G., Kirkpatrick, C., Naidoo, D., Graudins, A., 2008, Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous, intramuscular, and intranasal naloxone in human volunteers, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [P], vol 30, issue 4, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 490-496.

Henning, S., Norris, R., Kirkpatrick, C., 2008, Target concentration intervention is needed for tobramycin dosing in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis - A population pharmacokinetic study, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 65, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 502-510.

Burrows, J., Nissen, L., Kirkpatrick, C., Bell, S., 2007, Beta-lactam allergy in adults with cystic fibrosis, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis [P], vol 6, issue 4, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 297-303.

Roos, J., Doust, J., Tett, S., Kirkpatrick, C., 2007, Diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C compared to serum creatinine for the estimation of renal dysfunction in adults and children-A meta-analysis, Clinical Biochemistry [P], vol 40, issue 4-5, Elsevier Inc., United States, pp. 383-391.

Han, P., Duffull, S., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., 2007, Dosing in obesity: a simple solution to a big problem, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics [P], vol 82, issue 5, Nature Publishing Group, United States, pp. 505-508.

Chan, A., Isbister, G., Kirkpatrick, C., Duffull, S., 2007, Drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes: evaluation of a QT nomogram, Qjm-An International Journal Of Medicine [P], vol 100, issue 10, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 609-615.

Roos, J., Lipman, J., Kirkpatrick, C., 2007, Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefpirome in critically ill patients against Gram-negative bacteria, Intensive Care Medicine [P], vol 33, issue 5, Springer, Germany, pp. 781-788.

Landersdorfer, C., Kirkpatrick, C., Kinzig, M., Bulitta, J., Holzgrabe, U., Drusano, G., Sorgel, F., 2007, Population pharmacokinetics at two dose levels and pharmacodynamic profiling of flucloxacillin, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 51, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3290-3297.

Vella-Brincat, J., Begg, E., Kirkpatrick, C., Zhang, M., Chambers, S., Gallagher, K., 2007, Protein binding of cefazolin is saturable in vivo both between and within patients, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 63, issue 6, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 753-757.

Isbister, G., Kirkpatrick, C., Duffull, S., 2007, Risk assessment in patients with drug-induced prolonged QT, British Medical Journal [P], vol 335, B M J Group, United Kingdom, p. 1.

Cheung, C., Taylor, P., Kirkpatrick, C., Vesey, D., Gobe, G., Winterford, C., Nicol, D., Johnson, D., 2007, Therapeutic value of orally administered silibinin in renal cell carcinoma: manipulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels, Bju International [P], vol 100, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 438-444.

Roos, J., Bulitta, J., Lipman, J., Kirkpatrick, C., 2006, Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic rationale for cefepime dosing regimens in intensive care units, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 58, issue 5, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 987-993.

Duffull, S., Kirkpatrick, C., Green, B., Holford, N., 2005, Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data using NONMEM and WinBUGS, Journal Of Biopharmaceutical Statistics [P], vol 15, issue 1, Taylor & Francis Inc., United States, pp. 53-73.

Kirkpatrick, C., Roughead, E., Monteith, G., Tett, S., 2005, Consumer involvement in Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) projects - lessons from Australia, BMC Health Services Research [P], vol 5, issue 75, BioMed Central Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 1-7.

Duffull, S.B., Dooley, M., Green, B., Poole, S., Kirkpatrick, C.M., 2004, A Standard Weight Descriptor for dose adjustment in the obese patient, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, vol 43, issue 15, Adis International Ltd, New Zealand, pp. 1167-1178.

Atcheson, B., Taylor, P., Kirkpatrick, C., Duffull, S., Mudge, D., Pilland, P., Johnson, D., Tett, S., 2004, Free mycophenolic acid should be monitored in renal transplant recipients with hypoalbuminemia, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [P], vol 26, issue 3, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 284-286.

Gardiner, S., Begg, E., Kirkpatrick, C., Buckham, R., 2004, Metformin therapy and diabetes in pregnancy, Internal Medicine Journal [P], vol 181, issue 3, Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd., Australia, pp. 174-175.

Oldridge, G., Gray, K., McDermott, L., Kirkpatrick, C., 2004, Pilot study to determine the ability of health-care professionals to undertake drug dose calculations, Internal Medicine Journal [P], vol 34, issue 6, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 316-319.

Matthews, I., Kirkpatrick, C., Holford, N., 2004, Quantitative justification for target concentration intervention-parameter variability and predictive performance using population pharmacokinetic models for aminoglycosides, British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology [P], vol 58, issue 1, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 8-19.

Vella-Brincat, J., Begg, E., Gallagher, K., Kirkpatrick, C., Zhang, M., Frampton, C., Chambers, S., 2004, Stability of benzylpenicillin during continuous home intravenous therapy, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 53, issue 4, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 675-677.

Activities

Affiliations with research centres

Co-director
Centre for Medicine Use and Safety

Community engagement

Administrator
Quality Use of Medicines Mapping project

Other committees

ACPM Pharmaceutical subcommittee (PSC)
Therapeutic Goods Administration

Chairperson
Scientific Advisory Committee
Australasian Soc. Clinical & Experimental Pharmacol. & Toxicol.

Member of Organising Committee
Population Approach Group in Australia and New Zealand

Postgraduate Research Supervisions

Current Supervision

Program of Study:

(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).

Thesis Title:

Assessment of renal function and relationship with dose selection and drug clearance in special popu.

Supervisors:

Kirkpatrick, C (Main).

Program of Study:

(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).

Thesis Title:

Improving the treatment and management of multi-drug resistant organisms.

Supervisors:

Kong, D (Main), Kirkpatrick, C (Associate).