Prof Roger Nation - Researcher Profile

Roger Nation

Address

Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
381 Royal Parade, Parkville

Contact Details

Tel: +61 3 990 39061

Fax: +61 3 990 39629

Email: Roger.Nation@monash.edu

Web: www.pharm.monash.edu.au/research/mips/d4


Biography

Position

Group coordinator
Biopharmaceutics and PK/PD

Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A light in the dark

Professor Roger Nation and his research colleagues are bringing light to the black hole that confronts doctors as established antibiotics are increasingly overwhelmed by multidrug-resistant, "superbug" bacteria. Their world-first research into the antibiotic colistin is already guiding doctors around the world through suggestions on new dosage regimens for critically ill patients.

Colistin is not a new drug. It was first introduced into hospitals in the 1950s, but quickly fell out of favour among doctors as a new generation of antibiotics came on the market.

It was largely ignored for around 30 years until the relentless march of multidrug-resistant bacteria left doctors who were treating potentially life-threatening infections in cystic fibrosis sufferers with no alternative but to turn to colistin.

Colistin was never investigated using modern pharmaceutical techniques, so doctors were left without clear guidelines on how to use the potentially toxic drug. This is where the research of Roger and his collaborators became crucial.

Together with Monash colleague Associate Professor Jian Li, Roger has become the world's foremost expert on colistin. They have taken the 50-year-old drug through a modern pharmaceutical evaluation, providing the research data necessary to allow doctors to use it more effectively and safely in patients.

Roger and Jian's research has achieved such renown they are sought out by doctors around the world for advice on the treatment of individual patients.

Their work has become even more important internationally because the problem of multidrug resistance in patients with cystic fibrosis is also being experienced in critically ill patients.

Roger and Jian have received more than $10 million in competitive grant funding in recent years for their colistin research. Numerous grants have come from the Australian NHMRC and two from the National Institutes of Health in the USA.

With no new antibiotics in development, their colistin research is being eagerly anticipated around the world. They are on the verge of publishing the first dosage guidelines for the use of colistin in critically ill patients.

"We are providing guidelines to doctors who are otherwise shooting in the dark. Due to the relentless march of multidrug-resistant bacteria, doctors are increasingly being forced to use this old antibiotic and there has been virtually nothing known about what dose to use," Roger says.

"This is obviously not a good situation, as using too much or too little of the antibiotic can cause kidney toxicity or fail to kill the bug, meaning the patient could die."

With their international collaborators, Roger and Jian are currently undertaking a large clinical study of more than 230 critically ill patients in the US, Thailand and Greece, supported by funding from a US government National Institutes of Health grant.

The results of that study and the other colistin research conducted by the pair have them confident that real progress is being made on optimising the way in which colistin can be used to treat infections caused by superbugs.

"Increasingly we feel we are on more solid ground in understanding how colistin behaves when we put it in people’s bodies, as well as how it behaves in killing the bacteria that are causing an infection," Roger says.

"It is very rewarding to be working on something that has such potential to benefit people. Real world impact is very important.”

"That is why we are trying to get as much information out to clinicians as we can, to help doctors who are clutching at straws at the moment trying to get better treatments for serious infections in their patients."

Keywords

Optimising dosing of antibiotics, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, colistin and polymyxin B, increasing bacterial killing, minimising development of antibiotic resistance

Qualifications

PHD IN SCIENCE
Institution: University of Sydney
Year awarded: 1977
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE
Institution: University of Sydney
Year awarded: 1974
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
Institution: University of Tasmania
Year awarded: 1971

Publications

Book Chapters

Nation, R., Li, J., 2010, Polymyxins, in Kucers' the use of antibiotics- A clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs, eds M Lindsay Grayson, Hodder Arnold, United Kingdom, pp. 955-970.

Rayner, C.R., Dooley, M.J., Nation, R.L., 2006, Antivirals for HIV, in Applied Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics, eds Michael E Burton, Leslie M Shaw, Jerome J. Schentag, William E Evans, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 354-409.

Nation, R.L., Rayner, C.R., 2004, Clinical pharmacokinetics, in A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice: Essential Concepts and Skills, eds G. Parthasarathi, Karin Nyfort-Hansen, M Nahata, Orient Longman Private Limited, Chennai India, pp. 288-324.

Journal Articles

Yousef, J.M., Chen, G., Hill, P.A., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2012, Ascorbic acid protects against the nephrotoxicity and apoptosis caused by colistin and affects its pharmacokinetics, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 67, issue 2, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, pp. 452-459.

Soon, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., Harper, M., Adler, B., Larson, I.C., Nation, R.L., 2012, Cell surface hydrophobicity of colistin-susceptible vs resistant Acinetobacter baumannii determined by contact angles: methodological considerations and implications, Journal Of Applied Microbiology [P], vol 113, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 940-951.

Henry, R.M., Vithanage (Sulthanagoda), N.R., Harrison, P., Seemann, T., Coutts, S.A., Moffatt, J.H., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2012, Colistin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii responds to lipopolysaccharide loss through increased expression of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of lipoproteins, phospholipids, and poly-, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 56, issue 1, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 59-69.

Wallace, S.J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Boyd, B.J., 2012, Drug release from nanomedicines: Selection of appropriate encapsulation and release methodology, Drug Delivery and Translational Research [E], vol 2, Springer, Germany, pp. 284-292.

Huang, J.X., Cooper, M.A., Baker, M.A., Azad, M.A.K., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Velkov, T., 2012, Drug-binding energetics of human a-1-acid glycoprotein assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking simulations, Journal Of Molecular Recognition [P], vol 25, issue 12, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, Massachusetts USA, pp. 642-656.

Jin, L., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Nicolazzo, J., 2012, Effect of systemic infection induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa on the brain uptake of colistin in mice, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 56, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 5240-5246.

Heng, S.C., Slavin, M., Chen, S.C.A., Heath, C., Nguyen, Q., Billah, M.B., Nation, R.L., Kong, D.C.M., 2012, Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality attributable to invasive scedosporiosis in haematology patients, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [E], vol 67, issue 9, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK, pp. 2274-2282.

Dunning, P.L., Leach, H., Williams, A.F., buckey, j., Jackson, J., Leversha, A., Nation, R.L., O'Reilly, M., Rokahr, C., Van de Vreede, M., Kirsa, S.W., 2012, Insulin: a commonly used high-risk medicine, Practical Diabetes [E], vol 29, issue 2, John Wiley & Sons, United Kingdom, pp. 72-75a.

Wallace, S.J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Prankerd, R.J., Boyd, B.J., 2012, Interaction of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate with liposomes: colloidal aspects and implications for formulation, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [P], vol 101, issue 9, John Wiley & Sons, USA, pp. 3347-3359.

Huang, J.X., Azad, M.A.K., Yuriev, E., Baker, M.A., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Cooper, M.A., Velkov, T., 2012, Molecular characterization of lipopolysaccharide binding to human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, Journal of Lipids [E], vol 2012, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, USA, pp. 1-15.

Bergen, P.J., Landersdorfer, C.B., Lee, H.J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2012, 'Old' antibiotics for emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria, Current Opinion In Infectious Diseases [P], vol 25, issue 6, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA, pp. 626-633.

Bergen, P.J., Landersdorfer, C.B., Zhang, J., Zhao, M., Lee, H.J., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2012, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 'old' polymyxins: What is new?, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease [P], vol 74, issue 3, Elsevier Science Inc, New York, USA, pp. 213-223.

Azad, M.A.K., Huang, J.X., Cooper, M.A., Roberts, K.D., Thompson, P., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Velkov, T., 2012, Structure-activity relationships for the binding of polymyxins with human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, Biochemical Pharmacology [P], vol 84, issue 3, Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, England, pp. 278-291.

Deris, Z.Z., Yu, H., Davis, K.E., Soon, R.L., Jacob, J., Ku, K.U.C., Poudyal, A., Bergen, P.J., Tsuji, B., Bulitta, J.B., Forrest, A., Paterson, D.L., Velkov, T., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2012, The combination of colistin and doripenem is synergistic against Klebsiella pneumoniae at multiple inocula and suppresses colistin resistance in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 56, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, USA, pp. 5103-5112.

Sidjabat, H., Nimmo, G., Walsh, T., Binotto, E., Htin, A., Hayashi, Y., Li, J., Nation, R., George, N., Paterson, D., 2011, Carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae due to the new delhi metallo-alpha-lactamase, Clinical Infectious Diseases [P], vol 52, issue 4, Oxford University Press, United States, pp. 481-484.

Bergen, P., Forrest, A., Bulitta, J., Tsuji, B., Sidjabat, H., Paterson, D., Li, J., Nation, R., 2011, Clinically relevant plasma concentrations of colistin in combination with imipenem enhance pharmacodynamic activity against multidrug-resistant peudomonas aeruginosa at multiple inocula, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 11, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 5134-5142.

Soon, R., Velkov, T., Chiu, F., Thompson, P., Kancharla, R., Roberts, K., Larson, I., Nation, R., Li, J., 2011, Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new fluorescent probe for measuring polymyxin-lipopolysaccharide binding interactions, Analytical Biochemistry [P], vol 409, issue 2, Academic Press, United States, pp. 273-283.

Soon, R., Nation, R., Cockram, S., Moffatt, J., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J., Larson, I., Li, J., 2011, Different surface charge of colistin-susceptible and -resistant acinetobacter baumannii cells measured with zeta potential as a function of growth phase and colistin treatment, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 66, issue 1, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 126-133.

Bergen, P., Li, J., Nation, R., 2011, Dosing of colistin - back to basic PK/PD, Current Opinion in Pharmacology [P], vol 11, issue 5, Elsevier, England, pp. 464-469.

Soon, R., Nation, R., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J., Tan, C., Li, J., Larson, I., 2011, Effect of colistin exposure and growth phase on the surface properties of live acinetobacter baumannii cells examined by atomic force microscopy, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents [P], vol 38, issue 6, Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 493-501.

Moffatt, J.H., Harper, M., Adler, B., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., 2011, Insertion sequence ISAba11 is involved in colistin resistance and loss of lipopolysaccharide in Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3022-3024.

Yousef, J., Chen, G., Hill, P., Nation, R., Li, J., 2011, Melatonin attenuates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4044-4049.

Garonzik, S., Li, J., Thamlikitkul, V., Paterson, D., Shoham, S., Jacob, J., Silveira, F., Forrest, A., Nation, R., 2011, Population pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate and formed colistin in critically ill patients from a multicenter study provide dosing suggestions for various categories of patients., Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 7, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3284-3294.

Bergen, P., Tsuji, B., Bulitta, J., Forrest, A., Jacob, J., Sidjabat, H., Paterson, D., Nation, R., Li, J., 2011, Synergistic killing of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa at inocula by colistin combined with doripenem in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 5685-5695.

Vaara, M., Siikanen, O., Apajalahti, J., Fox, J., Frimodt-Moller, N., He, F.H., Poudyal, A., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Vaara, T., 2010, A novel polymyxin derivative that lacks the fatty acid tail and carries only three positive charges has strong synergism with agents excluded by the intact outer membrane, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 54, issue 8, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3341-3346.

Hussainy, S.Y., Marriott, J.L., Beattie, J.M., Nation, R.L., Dooley, M.J., 2010, A palliative cancer care flexible education program for Australian community pharmacists, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education [P], vol 74, issue 2, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, United States, pp. 1-9.

Moffatt, J.H., Harper, M., Harrison, P.F., Hale, J.D., Vinogradov, E., Seemann, T., Henry, R.M., Crane, B.A., St Michael, F., Cox, A.D., Adler, B., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., 2010, Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mediated by complete loss of lipopolysaccharide production, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 54, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4971-4977.

Henderson, L.C., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Velkov, T., Pfeffer, F.M., 2010, Developing an anion host for lipid A binding and antibacterial activity, Chemical Communications [P], vol 46, Royal Society of Chemistry, United Kingdom, pp. 3197-3199.

Dunning, T.L., Leach, H., Van de Vreede, M., Williams, A.F., Buckley, J., Jackson, J., Leversha, A., Nation, R.L., Rokahr, C., O'Reilly, M., Kirsa, S.W., 2010, Do high-risk medicines alerts influence practice?, Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research [P], vol 40, issue 3, Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia, Australia, pp. 203-206.

Dunning, P.L., Leach, H., de vreede, m.v., Williams, A., Buckley, J., Jackson, J., Leversha, A., Nation, R.L., Rokahr, C., O'Reilly, M.A., Kirsa, S.W., 2010, Do high-risk medicines alerts influence practice?, Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research [P], vol 40, issue 3, Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia, Collingwood Vic 3066, pp. 203-206.

Dudhani, R., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., Milne, R., Rayner, C.R., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2010, Elucidation of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic determinant of colistin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in murine thigh and lung infection models, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 54, issue 3, American Society of Microbiology, United Stated, pp. 1117-1124.

Dudhani, R., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2010, Evaluating the stability of colistin and colistin methanesulphonate in human plasma under different conditions of storage, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 65, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 1412-1415.

Jin, L., Li, J., Nation, R., Nicolazzo, J., 2010, Impact of p-glycoprotein inhibition and lipopolysaccharide administration on blood-brain barrier transport of colistin in mice, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 2, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 502-507.

Bergen, P.J., Bulitta, J.B., Forrest, A., Tsuji, B., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2010, Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigation of colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an in vitro model, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 54, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3783-3789.

Wallace, S.J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Prankerd, R.J., Velkov, T., Boyd, B.J., 2010, Self-assembly behavior of colistin and its prodrug colistin methanesulfonate: implications for solution stability and solubilization, Journal of Physical Chemistry B [P], vol 114, American Chemical Society, USA, pp. 4836-4840.

Velkov, T., Thompson, P., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2010, Structure-Activity Relationships of Polymyxin Antibiotics, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry [P], vol 53, American Chemical Society, USA, pp. 1898-1916.

Dudhani, R., Turnidge, J., Nation, R., Li, J., 2010, fAUC/MIC is the most predictive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii in murine thigh and lung infection models, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 65, issue 9, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 1984-1990.

Hussainy, S.Y., Marriott, J.L., Nation, R.L., 2009, Assessing mediciation knowledge of Australian palliative cancer care patients and caregivers and their interactions with pharmacists, Journal of Palliative Medicine [P], vol 12, issue 9, Mary Anne Liebert, Inc. Publishers, United States, p. 769.

Soon, R.L., Nation, R.L., Hartley, P., Larson, I.C., Li, J., 2009, Atomic force microscopy investigation of the morphology and topography of colistin-heteroresistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains as a function of growth phase and in response to colistin treatment, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 53, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 4979-4986.

Jin, L., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Nicolazzo, J., 2009, Brain penetration of colistin in mice assessed by a novel high-performance liquid chromatographic technique, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 53, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4247-4251.

Yau, W., Owen, R., Poudyal, A., Bell, J.M., Turnidge, J.D., Yu, H., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2009, Colistin hetero-resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from the Western Pacific region in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance programme, Journal of Infection, vol 58, W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 138-144.

Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2009, Colistin in the 21st century, Current Opinion In Infectious Diseases [P], vol 22, issue 6, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 535-543.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., Cao, G., Ali, F., Chiu, F.C.K., Zavascki, A.P., 2009, Development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay for polymyxin B in human plasma - authors' response, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 63, issue 3, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 628-629.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., Zavascki, A.P., 2009, Letter to the Editor: Reply to Kunin, Clinical Infectious Diseases [P], vol 48, issue 6, University of Chicago Press, United States, pp. 843-844.

Kim, B., Peleg, A., Lodise, T., Lipman, J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Paterson, D., 2009, Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species, Lancet [P], vol 9, issue 4, The Lancet Publishing Group, United Kingdom, pp. 245-255.

Ali, F., Cao, G., Poudyal, A., Vaara, T., Nation, R.L., Vaara, M., Li, J., 2009, Pharmacokinetics of novel antimicrobial cationic peptides NAB 7061 and NAB 739 in rats following intravenous administration, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 64, issue 5, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 1067-1070.

Ma, Z., Wang, J., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., Milne, R., 2009, Renal disposition of colistin in the isolated perfused rat kidney, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 53, issue 7, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 2857-2864.

Zavascki, A.P., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Superti, S.V., Barth, A.L., Lutz, L., Ramos, F., Boniatti, M.M., Goldani, L.Z., 2009, Stable polymyxin B susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. despite persistent recovery of these organisms from respiratory secretions of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia treated with this drug, Journal Of Clinical Microbiology [P], vol 47, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3064-3065.

Hussainy, S.Y., Marriott, J.L., Beattie, J.M., Dooley, M.J., Nation, R.L., 2009, Using focus groups to develop the curriculum for a palliative cancer care online educational programme for community pharmacists, Pharmacy Education [P], vol 9, issue 2, Informa Healthcare, United Kingdom, pp. 73-79.

Bergen, P.J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., Milne, R., 2008, Comparison of once-, twice- and thrice-daily dosing of colistin on antibacterial effect and emergence of resistance: studies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 61, issue 3, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 636-642.

Cao, G., Ali, F.E.A., Chiu, F.C.K., Zavascki, A.P., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2008, Development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay for polymyxin B in human plasma, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 62, issue 5, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 1009-1014.

Poudyal, A., Howden, B., Bell, J.M., Gao, W., Owen, R., Turnidge, J.D., Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2008, In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 62, issue 6, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 1311-1318.

Zavascki, A.P., Goldani, L.Z., Cao, G., Superti, S.V., Lutz, L., Barth, A.L., Ramos, F., Boniatti, M.M., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2008, Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Polymyxin B in Critically Ill Patients, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol 47, issue 15 November, University of Chicago Press, United States, pp. 1298-1304.

Marriott, J.L., Nation, R.L., Roller, L., Costelloe, M.T., Galbraith, K.J., Stewart, P.J., Charman, W.N., 2008, Pharmacy Education in the Context of Australian Practice, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, vol 72, issue 6, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, United States, pp. 1-12.

Wallace, S.J., Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Coulthard, K., Nation, R.L., 2008, Stability of Colistin Methanesulfonate in Pharmaceutical Products and Solutions for Administration to Patients, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 52, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3047-3051.

Wallace, S.J., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Rayner, C.R., Taylor, D., Middleton, D., Milne, R., Coulthard, K., Turnidge, J.D., 2008, Subacute toxicity of colistin methanesulfonate in rats: Comparison of various intravenous dosage regimens, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 52, issue 3, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 1159-1161.

Zaidi, S.T.R., Marriott, J.L., Nation, R.L., 2008, The role of perceptions of clinicians in their adoption of a web-based antibiotic approval system: Do perceptions translate into actions?, International Journal of Medical Informatics, vol 77, issue 1, Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Ireland, pp. 33-40.

Tan, C., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2007, Activity of colistin against heteroresistant Acinetobacter baumannii and emergence of resistance in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, vol 51, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, US, pp. 3413-3415.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., Owen, R., Wong, S., Spelman, D.W., Franklin, C., 2007, Antibiograms of multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii: promising therapeutic options for treatment of infection with colistin-resistant strains, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol 45, issue 5, University of Chicago Press, US, pp. 594-598.

Sudhakaran, S., Rayner, C.R., Li, J., Kong, D.C.M., Gude, N.M., Nation, R.L., 2007, Differential protein binding of indinavir and saquinavir in matched maternal and umbilical cord plasma, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol 63, issue 3, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, pp. 315-321.

Owen, R., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Spelman, D.W., 2007, In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 59, issue 3, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 473-477.

Nation, R.L., Li, J., 2007, Optimizing use of colistin and polymyxin B in the critically ill, Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol 28, issue 6, Thieme Medical Publishers, US, pp. 604-614.

Boak, L.M., Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., 2007, Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic factors influencing emergence of resistance to linezolid in an in vitro model, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 51, issue 4, American Society for Microbiology, US, pp. 1287-1292.

Zavascki, A.P., Goldani, L.Z., Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2007, Polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens: a critical review, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 60, issue 6, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 1206-1215.

Bergen, P.J., Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., 2006, Colistin methanesulfonate is an inactive prodrug of colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 50, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 1953-1958.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Milne, R.W., Coulthard, K., Rayner, C.R., Paterson, D.L., 2006, Colistin: the re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol 6, issue 9, The Lancet Publishing Group, London UK, pp. 589-601.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2006, Comment on: pharmacokinetics of inhaled colistin in patients with cystic fibrosis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 58, issue 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK, pp. 222-223.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., 2006, Defining the dosage units for colistin methanesulfonate: urgent need for international harmonization, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 50, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4231-4232.

Wang, J., Nation, R.L., Evans, A.M., Cox, S., Li, J., 2006, Determination of antiviral nucleoside analogues AM365 and AM188 in perfusate and bile of the isolated perfused rat liver using HPLC, Biomedical Chromatography, vol 20, issue 3, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., UK, pp. 244-250.

Hussainy, S.Y., Marriott, J.L., Beattie, J.M., Dooley, M., Nation, R.L., 2006, Development and evaluation of an online educational program in palliative cancer care for Australian community pharmacists, Supportive Care in Cancer, vol 14, issue 6, Springer-Verlag, Germany, p. 666.

Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., Owen, R.J., Spelman, D.W., Tan, K., Liolios, L.L., 2006, Heteroresistance to colistin in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 50, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 2946-2950.

Boak, L.M., Li, J., Nation, R.L., Rayner, C.R., 2006, High-performance liquid chromatographic method for simple and rapid determination of linezolid in human plasma, Biomedical Chromatography, vol 20, issue 8, John Wiley & Sons Limited, West Sussex UK, pp. 782-786.

Shackleford, D.M., Evans, A.M., Milne, R.W., Nation, R.L., 2006, Loading-washout studies of the stereoselective sinusoidal uptake of (R)- and (S)-2-phenylpropionyl acyl glucuronide, Current Drug Metabolism, vol 7, issue 7, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Netherlands, pp. 817-826.

Barnes, L., Cheek, J., Nation, R.L., Gilbert, A., Paradiso, L., Ballantyne, A., 2006, Making sure the residents get their tablets: medication administration in care homes for older people, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol 56, issue 2, Blackwell Publishing Limited, UK, pp. 190-199.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2006, Old polymyxins are back: Is resistance close?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol 43, issue 5, University of Chicago Press, Chicago USA, pp. 663-664.

Hussainy, S.Y., Beattie, J.M., Nation, R.L., Dooley, M.j., Fleming, J., Wein, S., Pisasale, M., Scott, W., Marriott, J.L., 2006, Palliative care for patients with cancer: what are the educational needs of community pharmacists?, Supportive Care in Cancer, vol 14, issue 2, Springer-Verlag, Germany, pp. 177-184.

Boak, L.M., Li, J., Spelman, D.W., Du Cros, P.A., Nation, R.L., Rayner, C.R., 2006, Successful treatment and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of oral linezolid in a patient with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ventriculitis, The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, vol 40, issue 7-8, Harvey Whitney Books Company, Cincinnati USA, pp. 1451-1455.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., 2006, Three 'Cs' of colistin, Australian Society for Antimicrobials Newsletter, vol June, issue 25, Australian Society of Antimicrobials, Australia, pp. 1-5.

Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., 2005, Colistin-associated acute renal failure: revisited, Southern Medical Journal, vol 98, issue 12, Southern Medical Association, USA, pp. 1229-1230.

Sudhakaran, S., Ghabrial, H., Nation, R.L., Kong, D.C.M., Gude, N.M., Angus, P.W., Rayner, C.R., 2005, Differential bidirectional transfer of Indinavir in the isolated perfused human placenta, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 49, issue 3, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 1023-1028.

Li, J., Nation, R.L., Milne, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., 2005, Evaluation of colistin as an agent against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol 25, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 11-25.

Wang, J., Nation, R.L., Evans, A.M., Cox, S., Shackleford, D., 2005, Metabolism and disposition of the antiviral nucleoside analogue AM365 in the isolated perfused rat liver, Current Drug Metabolism, vol 6, issue 5, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, The Netherlands, pp. 487-493.

Yu, K.H., Nation, R.L., Dooley, M.J., 2005, Multiplicity of medication safety terms, definitions and functional meanings: when is enough enough?, Quality and Safety in Health Care, vol 14, issue 5, BMJ Publishing Group, UK, pp. 358-363.

Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., Deans, R., Boots, R., Widdecombe, N., Douglas, A., Lipman, J., 2005, Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate and colistin in a critically ill patient receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration [4], Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 49, issue 11, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4814-4815.

Yen, T., Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., Evans, A.M., Nation, R.L., Ryand, J., 2005, Prediction of drug absorption based on immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatography separation and calculated molecular descriptors, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol 38, issue 3, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 472-478.

Mancinelli, A., Evans, A.M., Nation, R.L., Longo, A., 2005, Uptake of L-Carnitine and Its Short-Chain Ester Propionyl-L-carnitine in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol 315, issue 1, American Soc. for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, USA, pp. 118-124.

Evans, A.M., Faull, R.J., Nation, R.L., Prasad, S., Elias, T., Reuter, S.E., Fornasini, G., 2004, Impact of hemodialysis on endogenous plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients with end-stage renal disease, Kidney International, vol 66, International Society of Nephrology (Nature Publishing Group), UK, pp. 1527-1534.

Wang, J., Nation, R.L., Evans, A.M., Cox, S., 2004, Isolated rat kidney perfused with dextran and bovine serum albumin: A stable model for investigating renal drug handling, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, vol 49, issue 2, Elsevier Inc, USA, pp. 105-113.

Li, J., Milne, R.W., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Smeaton, T.C., Coulthard, K., 2004, Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulphonate and colistin in rats following an intravenous dose of colistin methanesulphonate, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 53, issue 5, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 837-840.

Wang, J., Nation, R.L., Evans, A.M., Cox, S., 2004, Renal excretion mechanisms of the antiviral nucleoside analogue AM188 in the rat isolated perfused kidney, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol 31, issue 1-2, Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 29-34.

Wang, J., Nation, R.L., Evans, A.M., Cox, S., 2004, Renal secretion of the antiviral nucleoside analogue AM188 is inhibited by probenecid, p-aminohippuric acid, and cimetidine in the isolated perfused rat kidney, Pharmaceutical Research, vol 21, issue 6, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, USA, pp. 982-988.

Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., 2004, Simple method for the assay of eperezolid in Brain Heart Infusion broth by high-performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol 35, issue 4, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 847-851.

Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Dixson, S.D., Nation, R.L., 2004, Simple method for the assay of linezolid in Brain Heart Infusion broth by high-performance liquid chromatography, Biomedical Chromatography, vol 18, issue 1, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, UK, pp. 1-5.

Shackleford, D., Nation, R.L., Milne, R., Hayball, P.J., Evans, A.m., 2004, Stereoselective Hepatic Disposition of Model Diastereomeric Acyl Glucuronides, Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, vol 31, issue 1, Springer Netherlands, The Netherlands, pp. 1-27.

Gunawardana, D., Basser, R.L., Davis, I.D., Cebon, J., Mitchell, P., Underhill, C., Kilpatrick, T.J., Reardon, K., Green, M.D., Bardy, P., Pene, A., Crump, D., Ng, S., Nation, R.L., Begley, C.G., 2003, A Phase I Study of Recombinant Human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Patients with Advanced Cancer, Clinical Cancer Research, vol 9, American Association for Cancer Research, USA, pp. 2056-2065.

Karpf, D.M., Kirkegaard, A.L., Evans, A.m., Nation, R.L., Hayball, P.J., Milne, R.W., 2003, Effect of ketoprofen and its enantiomers on the renal disposition of methotrexate in the isolated perfused rat kidney, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol 55, issue 12, Pharmaceutical Press, USA, pp. 1641-1646.

Li, J., Milne, R.W., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., 2003, Stability of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate in aqueous media and plasma as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 47, issue 4, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 1364-1370.

Li, J., Coulthard, K., Milne, R., Nation, R.L., Conway, S., Peckham, Etherington, C., Turnidge, J.D., 2003, Steady-state pharmacokinetics of intravenous colistin methanesulphonate in patients with cystic fibrosis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol 52, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 987-992.

Lucas, A.N., Brogan, L.R., Nation, R.L., Milne, R.W., Evans, A.M., Shackleford, D.M., 2003, The effects of the phytoestrogenic isoflavone genistein on the hepatic disposition of preformed and hepatically generated gemfibrozil 1-0-acyl glucuronide in the isolated perfused rat liver, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol 55, Pharmaceutical Press, UK, pp. 1433-1439.

Li, J., Milne, R., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Smeaton, T., Coulthard, K., 2003, Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to study the pharmacokinetics of colistin sulfate in rats following intravenous administration, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 47, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 1766-1770.

Paradiso, L., Roughead, L.E., Gilbert, A., Cosh, D., Nation, R.L., Barnes, L., Cheek, J., Ballantyne, A., 2002, Crushing or altering medications:what's happening in residential aged-care facilties?, Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 21, issue 3, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 123-127.

Li, J., Milne, R., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., Valentine, J., 2002, Simple method for assaying colistin methanesulfonate in plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 46, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3304-3307.

Marriott, J.L., Nation, R.L., 2002, Splitting Tablets, Australian Prescriber, vol 25, issue 6, National Prescribing Service, Australia, pp. 133-135.

Li, J., Milne, R., Nation, R.L., Turnidge, J.D., Coulthard, K., Johnson, D.W., 2001, A simple method for the assay of colistin in human plasma, using pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate in solid-phase extraction cartridges and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications, vol 761, Elsevier Science B.V., Netherlands, pp. 167-175.

Shackleford, D., Hayball, P.J., Reynolds, G.D., Hamon, D., Evans, A., Milne, R., Nation, R.L., 2001, A small-scale synthesis and enantiomeric resolution of (RS)-[1-14C]-2-phenylpropionic acid and biosynthesis of its diastereomeric acyl glucuronides, Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, vol 44, issue 3, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, UK, pp. 225-234.

Strindelius, L.C., Nation, R.L., Evans, A.m., Cabot, J.L., Corbett, K.M., 2001, Effect of Organic Cations on the Renal Tubular Secretion of Pseudoephedrine in the Rat, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol 28, issue 1-2, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, pp. 43-47.

Li, J., Turnidge, J.D., Milne, R., Nation, R.L., Coulthard, K., 2001, In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 45, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 781-785.

Rosenthal, M.A., Kavar, B., Hill, J.S., Morgan, D.J., Nation, R.L., Stylli, S.S., Basser, R.L., Uren, S., Geldard, H., Green, M.D., Kahl, S.B., Kaye, A.H., 2001, Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of photodynamic therapy for high-grade gliomas using a novel boronated porphyrin, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol 19, issue 2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 519-524.

Conference Proceedings

Morton, D., Jong, T., Li, J., Hale, J., Nation, R., Larson, I., 2011, Investigating the particle engineering of colistin for pulmonary delivery, Respiratory Drug Delivery Europe 2011, 03-06/05/2011, RDD Online and Aptar Pharm, USA, pp. 367-371.

Wallace, S., Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., Taylor, D., Middleton, D., Milne, R.W., Coulthard, K., Turnidge, J.D., 2006, Sub-acute toxicity of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) in rats, 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), September 2006.

Other

Li, J., Rayner, C.R., Nation, R.L., 2006, Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant Microorganisms, USA.

Teaching Commitment

  • Teaching pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the Bachelor of Pharmacy and postgraduate programs

Activities

Affiliations with research centres

Theme leader
Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Grants

Title:
A research initiative for optimising antibiotic use in hospitalised patients using a pharmacological approach.
Investigators:
Li, J, Nation, R
Funding:
(2010 - 2014). Ian Potter Foundation. $100,000.00
Title:
A triple quadrupole Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometer (UPLC/MS/MS) Xevo™ TQ by Waters.
Investigators:
Li, J, Nation, R, Porter, C, Charman, W, Scanlon, M, McIntosh, M
Funding:
(2011 - 2015). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $86,000.00
Title:
Eppendorf 5804 Centrifuge to be used in research into the development of novel drugs.
Investigators:
Kong, D, Rayner, C, Nation, R
Funding:
(2004 - 2008). Collier Charitable Fund. $2,500.00
(2004 - 2009). Monash University. $4,300.00
Title:
Heraeus B6120 Microbiological Incubator to support experiments to assist in the design of antibiotic dosage.
Investigators:
Rayner, C, Kong, D, Nation, R
Funding:
(2004 - 2008). Collier Charitable Fund. $2,500.00
(2004 - 2008). Monash University. $2,900.00
Title:
Improving medication management of palliative care patients: enhancing the role of community pharmacists.
Investigators:
Nation, R, Dooley, M, Fleming, J, Wein, S, Marriott, J, Pisasale, M, Scott, W
Funding:
(2004 - 2007). Third Community Pharmacy Agreement. $0.00
(2004 - 2008). Third Community Pharmacy Agreement. $198,846.00
Title:
LC/MS System for peptide and protein analysis.
Investigators:
Thompson, P, Scanlon, M, Jennings, I, Graham, B, Nation, R
Funding:
(2009 - 2014). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $70,000.00
Title:
MATLAB - Statistical Toolbox.
Investigators:
Kong, D, Nation, R, Stewart, K, George, J
Funding:
(2011 - 2015). Collier Charitable Fund. $1,825.00
Title:
Molecular and genetic basis of colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Investigators:
Nation, R, Boyce, J, Li, J, Vinogradov, E
Funding:
(2009 - 2012). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $253,125.00
Title:
NHMRC Standard Equipment Grant - 2007.
Investigators:
Nation, R, McIntosh, M, Li, J, Charman, S, Nicolazzo, J, Taylor, D, Boyd, B, Broadbear, J
Funding:
(2008 - 2012). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $72,500.00
Title:
New drugs to fight superbugs.
Investigators:
Manallack, D, Capuano, B, Crosby, I, Nation, R
Funding:
(2009 - 2012). Helen Macpherson Smith Trust. $13,000.00
Title:
Novel therapeutic strategy against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria ; ID: 384194.
Investigators:
Li, J, Nation, R, Rayner, C, Turnidge, J
Funding:
(2006 - 2010). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $341,750.00
Title:
Optimizing dosing of colistin for infections resistant to all other antibiotics.
Investigators:
Nation, R, Li, J
Funding:
(2007 - 2011). National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. $1,289,902.00
(2012 - 2016). National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. $0.00
Title:
Palisad's Decision Tools Suite Academic Version.
Investigators:
Kong, D, Nation, R, Stewart, K, George, J
Funding:
(2009 - 2013). Collier Charitable Fund. $2,157.00
Title:
Phenom Benchtop SEM from FEI.
Investigators:
Boyd, B, Nation, R, Pouton, C, Porter, C, Scanlon, M
Funding:
(2009 - 2013). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $70,000.00
Title:
Posaconazole in lung and blood of haematology patients with suspected pneumonia - A Pilot Study.
Investigators:
Kong, D, Nation, R, Heng, S, Slavin, M, Morrissey, O, Irving, L, Renee, M
Funding:
(2011 - 2015). The Jack Brockhoff Foundation. $35,556.00
Title:
Targeting MD hetero-resistant Gram-negatives: PK/PD for rational combinations.
Investigators:
Nation, R, Li, J, Tsuji, B, Forrest, A, Paterson, D
Funding:
(2008 - 2012). National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. $2,598,893.00
(2012 - 2016). National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. $0.00
Title:
Targeting polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative 'superbugs': development of novel antimicrobial peptides.
Investigators:
Li, J, Velkov, T, Nation, R, Thompson, P
Funding:
(2010 - 2013). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $425,000.00
(2011 - 2015). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $212,500.00
Title:
Targeting virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting oxidative protein folding.
Investigators:
Scanlon, M, Martin, J, Charman, W, Simpson, J, Nation, R, Morton, C
Funding:
(2009 - 2013). Australian Research Council (ARC). $600,000.00
(2009 - 2013). Biota Holdings Ltd. $180,000.00
Title:
Towards optimising dosing of the 'old' antibiotic colistin methanesulphonate: enhancing efficacy and reducing resistance.
Investigators:
Nation, R, Turnidge, J, Rayner, C, Martin, J, Li, J, Coulthard, K, Milne, R
Funding:
(2004 - 2008). National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). $266,500.00
Title:
Advanced Fluorescence Imaging Facility: From Super High Resolution to Whole Animal Imaging.
Investigators:
Porter, C, Caruso, F, Heath, W, Nation, R, Prawer, S, Wijburg, O, Pouton, C, Johnston, A, Sloan, E, Kaminskas, L, Shepherd, R
Funding:
(2011 - 2015). Australian Research Council (ARC). $0.00
(2011 - 2015). Monash University. -$100,000.00
(2011 - 2015). Monash University. -$205,000.00

Postgraduate Research Supervisions

Current Supervision

Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Economic and Clinical Implications of Vancomycin-Resistant Enteroccus Management in the Hospital Setting..
Supervisors:
Kong, D (Main), Nation, R (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Optimising Management of Invasive Mould Infections in Adult Immunocompromised Patients..
Supervisors:
Kong, D (Main), Nation, R (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Pharmacology of polymyxins against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Supervisors:
Li, J (Main), Nation, R (Associate), Velkov, T (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Towards improving polymyxin therapy against infections caused by multidrug-resistance acinetobacter baumannii.
Supervisors:
Nation, R (Main), Li, J (Associate), Bulitta, J (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Understanding of nephrotoxicity mechanisms of Polymyxins, and their management.
Supervisors:
Li, J (Main), Velkov, T (Associate), Nation, R (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of colistin: plasma protein binding and impact of impaired kidney function..
Supervisors:
Li, J (Main), Velkov, T (Associate), Nation, R (Associate).

Completed Supervision

Student:
Bergen, P.
Program of Study:
Towards optimising use of colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PHD) 2011.
Supervisors:
Li, J (Joint), Nation, R (Joint-Co).
Student:
Boak, L.
Program of Study:
Towards reducing resistance and haematological toxicity of linezolid. (PHD) 2007.
Supervisors:
Nation, R (Main), Li, J (Associate), Rayner ((Doubel Id)), C (Associate).
Student:
Hussainy, S.
Program of Study:
Community pharmacists and palliative cancer care: addressing educational needs. (PHD) 2006.
Supervisors:
Marriott, J (Main), Nation, R (Associate).
Student:
Jin, L.
Program of Study:
The impact of systemic inflammation and bacterial infection on the blood-brain barrier transport of colistin. (PHD) 2012.
Supervisors:
Nicolazzo, J (Main), Li, J (Associate), Nation, R (Associate).
Student:
Razi Zaidi, S.
Program of Study:
The relationship between clinicians' perceptions and their adoption of clinical decision support systems.. (PHD) 2007.
Supervisors:
Marriott, J (Joint-Co), Nation, R (Joint).
Student:
Soon, R.
Program of Study:
Investigation of the surface of colistin-susceptible and resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. (PHD) 2011.
Supervisors:
Nation, R (Main), Larson, I (Associate), Li, J (Associate).
Student:
Sudhakaran, S.
Program of Study:
Placental transfer of anti-HIV protease inhibitors. (PHD) 2005.
Supervisors:
Nation, R (Main), Rayner ((Doubel Id)), C (Associate).
Student:
Wallace, S.
Program of Study:
Formulation approaches to pulmonary delivery of colistin combination antibiotic therapy. (PHD) 2011.
Supervisors:
Nation, R (Main), Boyd, B (Associate), Li, J (Associate).
Student:
Yousef, J.
Program of Study:
Pharmacological investigation of nephrotoxicity of colistin: the potential for nephro-protection afforded by co-administration of antioxidants. (PHD) 2012.
Supervisors:
Li, J (Joint-Co), Nation, R (Joint), Li, J (Associate).
Student:
Yu, K.
Program of Study:
Collaborative approaches to medication safety in Victorian hospitals. (PHD) 2010.
Supervisors:
Nation, R (Main).