Professor Sharon Lewin is an infectious diseases physician and basic scientist. Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases (DID) in the Central Clinical School, Monash University, Sharon is also Head of the Infectious Diseases Unit at The Alfred Hospital, an NHMRC Practitioner Fellow, and Co-head of the Centre for Virology at the Burnet Institute.
Getting HIV out of its hiding place
HIV currently infects more than 30 million people. Professor Sharon Lewin says the main reason we can’t cure this virus is because of HIV latency, which is when HIV ‘goes to sleep’ in specific immune-fighting cells called resting T-cells. Sharon hopes to develop ways to reverse HIV latency, as a potential way to one day cure HIV infection.
Last year, Sharon and her team, including scientists from the Burnet Institute, Westmead Millennium Institute in Sydney and the University of Montreal in Montreal, Canada, identified the mechanism of how HIV enters resting T-cells. This research appeared in the Proceedings of National Academy of Science (PNAS) Journal. Sharon is now conducting a clinical trial that aims to get HIV out of latently infected T-cells.
“We’re interested in the role of a group of drugs called histone deacetylase inhibitors,” Sharon explains. “These drugs are used for treating some cancers, but they also get HIV out of latently infected T-cells. We’ve got a series of laboratory-based projects as well as a clinical trial studying these drugs. HIV can be turned on and off by different proteins in the cell, including some proteins called histones, which can regulate many of our genes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors basically turn genes on and off by activating histones. These drugs activate the virus and therefore ‘push’ the virus out of latency.”
“We’ve done a series of experiments with these drugs, in the test tube, where we’ve shown that you can flush the virus out of these latently infected resting cells. That work uses the model that we described in the PNAS paper. We’re now asking whether that also works in people,” she says.
Sharon has funding from NHMRC, National Institutes of Health, the American Foundation of AIDS Research and Merck for her laboratory- and clinic-based work on HIV latency.
Sharon has also received NHMRC funding to develop Healthmap, an interactive program that allows HIV patients to manage their own health.
“People with HIV take anti-HIV drugs and actually do pretty well. The virus is usually well controlled and the immune system usually recovers, but patients tend to have ongoing problems that appear to be age-related, such as cardiovascular disease and dementia. So the prevention and management of risk factors for these diseases, such as smoking and diet, have become important for people with HIV. We’re using an online chronic disease management tool to see if we can improve outcomes of chronic diseases in patients with HIV infection. This program is modelled on what is used for many other chronic diseases. It will first be piloted and then used in a randomised clinical trial to answer whether the intervention affects clinical outcomes,” she says.
Sharon is also taking pa
Hoy, J.F., Lewin, S.R., Post, J.J., Street, A.C. (eds), 2009, HIV Management in Australasia: A Guide for Clinical Care, Australasian Society for HIV Medicine (ASHM), Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
Hooker, D.J., Mobarok, M., Anderson, J.L., Rajasuriar, R., Gray, L.R., Ellett, A.M., Lewin, S.R., Gorry, P.R., Cherry, C.L., 2012, A new way of measuring apoptosis by absolute quantitation of inter-nucleosomally fragmented genomic DNA, Nucleic Acids Research [P], vol 40, issue 15 (e113), Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 1-13.
Avihingsanon, A., Matthews, G., Lewin, S.R., Marks, P., Sasadeusz, J., Cooper, D., Bowden, S., Locarnini, S., Dore, G., Ruxrungtham, K., 2012, Assessment of HBV flare in a randomized clinical trial in HIV/HBV coinfected subjects initiating HBV-active antiretroviral therapy in Thailand, AIDS Research and Therapy [P], vol 9, issue Art. No.: 6, BioMed Central Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 1-5.
Giles, M., Visvanathan, K., Lewin, S.R., Sasadeusz, J., 2012, Chronic hepatitis B infection and pregnancy, Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey [P], vol 67, issue 1, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd., United States, pp. 37-44.
Anraku, I., Rajasuriar, R., Dobbin, C., Brown, R.G., Lewin, S.R., Suhrbier, A., 2012, Circulating heat shock protein 60 levels are elevated in HIV patients and are reduced by anti-retroviral therapy, PLoS ONE [P], vol 7, issue 9 (Art. No.: e45291), Public Library of Science, United States, pp. 1-4.
Cairns, K., Jenney, A.W., Krishnaswamy, S., Dooley, M.J., Morrissey, O., Lewin, S.R., Cheng, A.C., 2012, Early experience with antimicrobial stewardship ward rounds at a tertiary referral hospital, Medical Journal Of Australia [P], vol 196, issue 1, Australasian medical publishing co ltd, Australia, pp. 34-35.
Wightman, F., Ellenberg, P.C., Churchill, M., Lewin, S.R., 2012, HDAC inhibitors in HIV, Immunology And Cell Biology [P], vol 90, issue 1, Nature Publishing Group, United Kingdom, pp. 47-54.
Crane, M., Visvanathan, K., Lewin, S.R., 2012, HIV Infection and TLR signalling in the liver, Gastroenterology Research and Practice [P], vol 2012, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, United States, p. e473925.
Evans, V.A., Khoury, G., Saleh, S.M., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., 2012, HIV persistence: chemokines and their signalling pathways, Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews [P], vol 23, issue 4-5, Elsevier Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 151-157.
Audsley, J.M., Du Cros, P.A., Goodman, Z., McLean, C., Mijch, A.M., Lewin, S.R., Sasadeusz, J., 2012, HIV replication is associated with increased severity of liver biopsy changes in HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infection, Journal Of Medical Virology [P], vol 84, issue 7, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., United States, pp. 993-1001.
Smith, M.Z.D., Wightman, F., Lewin, S.R., 2012, HIV reservoirs and strategies for eradication, Current HIV - AIDS Reports [P], vol 9, issue 1, Springer Healthcare, United States, pp. 5-15.
Cabuang, L., Shaw, T., Littlejohn, M., Colledge, D., Sozzi, V., Soppe, S., Warner, N., Thompson, A.J.V., Preiss, S., Lam, N., Walsh, R.B., Lewin, S.R., Thio, C.L., Matthews, G., Locarnini, S., Revill, P., 2012, In vitro replication phenotype of a novel (-1G) hepatitis B virus variant associated with HIV co-infection, Journal Of Medical Virology [P], vol 84, issue 8, John Wiley & Sons Inc., United States, pp. 1166-1176.
Brew, B.J., Gray, L.R., Lewin, S.R., Churchill, M., 2012, Is specific HIV eradication from the brain possible or needed?, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy [P], vol 13, issue 3, Informa Healthcare, United Kingdom, pp. 403-409.
Rajasuriar, R., Booth, D.R., Gouillou, M., Spelman, T., James, I.R., Solomon, A., Chua, K., Stewart, G., Deeks, S.G., Bangsberg, D.R., Muzoora, C., Cameron, P., Hunt, P., Martin, J., Lewin, S., 2012, The role of SNPs in the a-chain of the IL-7R gene in CD4þ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected African patients receiving suppressive cART, Genes And Immunity [P], vol 13, Nature Publishing Group, United Kingdom, pp. 83-93.
Deeks, S.G., Autran, B., Berkhout, B., Benkirane, M., Cairns, S., Chomont, N., Chun, T., Churchill, M., Di Mascio, M., Katlama, C., Lafeuillade, A., Landay, A., Lederman, M.M., Lewin, S.R., Maldarelli, F., Margolis, D.M., Markowitz, M.M., Martinez-Picado, J., Mullins, J., Mellors, J.W., Moreno, S., O'Doherty, U., Palmer, S., Penicaud, M.C., Peterlin, M.B., Poli, G., Routy, J., Rouzioux, C., Silvestri, G., Stevenson, M., Telenti, A., Van Lint, C., Verdin, E., Woolfrey, A., Zaia, J.A., Barre-Sinoussi, F., 2012, Towards an HIV cure: a global scientific strategy, Nature Reviews Immunology [P], vol 12, issue 8, Nature Publishing Group, England, pp. 607-614.
Desmond, C., Gaudieri, S., James, I.R., Pfafferott, K., Chopra, A., Lau, G., Audsley, J., Day, C., Chivers, S., Gordon, A., Revill, P.A., Bowden, S., Ayres, A., Desmond, P.V., Thompson, A.J., Roberts, S.K., Locarnini, S.A., Mallal, S.A., Lewin, S.R., 2012, Viral adaptation to host immune responses occurs in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and adaptation is greatest in HBV e antigen-negative disease, Journal Of Virology [P], vol 86, issue 2, American Society for Microbiology, US, pp. 1181-1192.
Lim, A., Amini, A., D'Orsogna, L.J., Rajasuriar, R., Kramski, M., Lewin, S.R., Purcell, D.F., Price, P., French, M.A., 2011, Antibody and B-cell responses may control circulating lipopolysaccharide in patients with HIV infection, AIDS [P], vol 25, issue 11, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 1379-1383.
Lichtfuss, G., Hoy, J., Rajasuriar, R., Kramski, M., Crowe, S., Lewin, S., 2011, Biomarkers of immune dysfunction following combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, Biomarkers In Medicine [P], vol 5, issue 2, Future Medicine Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 171-186.
Fernandez, S., Tanaskovic, S., Helbig, K., Rajasuriar, R., Kramski, M., Murray, J.M., Beard, M.R., Purcell, A.W., Lewin, S.R., Price, P., French, M., 2011, CD4+ T-cell deficiency in HIV patients responding to antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes in CD4+ T cells, Journal Of Infectious Diseases [P], vol 6, issue 6, Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 1-9.
Rajasuriar, R., Gouillou, M., Spelman, T., Read, T., Hoy, J., Law, M., Cameron, P., Petoumenos, K., Lewin, S.R., 2011, Clinical predictors of immune reconstitution following combination antiretroviral therapy in patients from the Australian HIV Observational Database., PLoS ONE [P], vol 6, issue 6, Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-10.
Tippett, E., Cheng, W., Westhorpe, C., Cameron, P., Brew, B., Lewin, S., Jaworowski, A., Crowe, S., 2011, Differential expression of CD163 on monocyte subsets in healthy and HIV-1 infected individuals, PLoS ONE [P], vol 6, issue 5 (Art. No: e19968), Public Library of Science, United States, pp. 1-11.
Jones, K.L., Smyth, R.P., Pereira, C.d.F., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., Jaworowski, A., Mak, J., 2011, Early events of HIV-1 infection: Can signaling be the next therapeutic target?, Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology [P], vol 6, issue 2, Springer New York LLC, USA, pp. 269-283.
Saleh, S., Wightman, F., Ramanayake, S., Alexander, M., Kumar, N., Khoury, G., Pereira, C., Purcell, D., Cameron, P., Lewin, S., 2011, Expression and reactivation of HIV in a chemokine induced model of HIV latency in primary resting CD4+ T cells, Retrovirology [P], vol 8, issue 80, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-11.
Audsley, J., Seaberg, E., Sasadeusz, J., Matthews, G., Avihingsanon, A., Ruxrungtham, K., Fairley, K., Finlayson, R., Hwang, H.S., Littlejohn, M., Locarnini, S., Dore, G., Thio, C.L., Lewin, S.R., 2011, Factors associated with elevated ALT in an international HIV/HBV co-infected cohort on long-term HAART, PLoS ONE [P], vol 6, issue 11 (Art. No: e26482), Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-7.
Lewin, S., Evans, V., Elliott, J., Spire, B., Chomont, N., 2011, Finding a cure for HIV: Will it ever be achievable?, Journal of the International AIDS Society [E], vol 14, issue 4, BioMed Central Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 1-8.
Roche, M., Jakobsen, M., Sterjovski, J., Ellett, A., Posta, F., Lee, B., Jubb, B., Westby, M., Lewin, S.R., Ramsland, P.A., Churchill, M., Gorry, P.R., 2011, HIV-1 escape from the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc associated with an altered and less-efficient mechanism of gp120-CCR5 engagement that attenuates macrophage tropism, Journal Of Virology [P], vol 85, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4330-4342.
Roche, M., Jakobsen, M., Ellett, A., Salimiseyedabad, H., Jubb, B., Westby, M., Lee, B., Lewin, S.R., Churchill, M., Gorry, P.R., 2011, HIV-1 predisposed to acquiring resistance to maraviroc (MVC) and other CCR5 antagonists in vitro has an inherent, low-level ability to utilize MVC-bound CCR5 for entry, Retrovirology [P], vol 8, issue 89, BioMed Central Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 1-7.
Iser, D.M., Avihingsanon, A., Wisedopas, N., Thompson, A.J., Boyd, A., Matthews, G., Locarnini, S., Slavin, J., Desmond, P.V., Lewin, S.R., 2011, Increased intrahepatic apoptosis but reduced immune activation in HIV-HBV co-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression, AIDS [P], vol 25, issue 2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 197-205.
Byakwaga, H., Kelly, M., Purcell, D., French, M., Amin, J., Lewin, S., Haskelberg, H., Kelleher, A.D., Garsia, R., Boyd, M., Cooper, D.A., Emery, S., 2011, Intensification of antiretroviral therapy with raltegravir or addition of hyperimmune bovine colostrum in HIV-infected patients with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell response: a randomized controlled trial., Journal Of Infectious Diseases [P], vol 204, issue 10, Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 1532-1540.
Kramski, M., Gaeguta, A.J., Lichtfuss, G.F., Rajasuriar, R., Crowe, S., French, M.A., Lewin, S.R., Center, R.J., Purcell, D.F.J., 2011, Novel sensitive real-time PCR for quantification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in plasma of HIV-infected patients as a marker for microbial translocation, Journal Of Clinical Microbiology [P], vol 49, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 3691-3693.
McMahon, J., Jordon, M., Kelley, K., Bertagnolio, S., Hong, S., Wanke, C., Lewin, S., Elliott, J., 2011, Pharmacy adherence measures to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy: Review of the literature and implications for treatment monitoring, Clinical Infectious Diseases [P], vol 52, issue 4, Oxford University Press, United States, pp. 493-506.
Sandler, N., Wand, H., Roque, A., Law, M.G., Nason, M.C., Nixon, D.E., Pedersen, C., Ruxrungtham, K., Lewin, S.R., Emery, S., Neaton, J.D., Brenchley, J.M., Deeks, S.G., Sereti, I., Douek, D.C., 2011, Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection, Journal of Infectious Diseases [E], vol 203, issue 6, Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 780-790.
Cameron, P., Jones, P., Gorniak, M., Dunster, K., Paul, E., Lewin, S., Woolley, I., Spelman, D., 2011, Splenectomy associated changes in IgM memory B cells in an adult spleen registry cohort, PLoS ONE [P], vol 6, issue 8 (Art. No: e23164), Public Library of Science, United States, pp. 1-8.
Khoury, G., Rajasuriar, R., Lewin, S., Cameron, P., 2011, The role of naive T-cells in HIV-1 pathogenesis: An emerging key player., Clinical Immunology [P], vol 141, issue 3, Academic Press (Elsevier), US, pp. 253-267.
Evans, V., Lal, L., Akkina, R., Solomon, A., Wright, E., Lewin, S., Cameron, P., 2011, Thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells are susceptible to productive HIV-1 infection and efficiently transfer R5 HIV-1 to thymocytes in vitro, Retrovirology [P], vol 8, issue 43, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-12.
Cornall, A., Sharma, L., Solomon, A., Gorry, P., Crowe, S., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., 2010, A novel, rapid method to detect infectious HIV-1 from plasma of persons infected with HIV-1, Journal of Virological Methods [P], vol 165, issue 1, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 90-96.
Rajasuriar, R., Booth, D., Solomon, A., Chua, K., Spelman, T., Gouillou, M., Schlub, T., Davenport, M., Crowe, S., Elliott, J., Hoy, J., Fairley, C., Stewart, G., Cameron, P., Lewin, S., 2010, Biological determinants of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: The role of interleukin 7 and interleukin 7 receptor alpha and microbial translocation, Journal Of Infectious Diseases [P], vol 202, issue 8, Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 1254-1264.
Wightman, F., Solomon, A., Khoury, G., Green, J., Gray, L., Gorry, P.R., Ho, Y., Saksena, N., Hoy, J.F., Crowe, S., Cameron, P., Lewin, S., 2010, Both CD31+and CD31- naive CD4+ T cells are persistent HIV type 1-infected reservoirs in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, Journal of Infectious Diseases [E], vol 202, issue 11, Oxford University Press, United States, pp. 1738-1748.
Iser, D., Warner, N., Revill, P., Solomon, A., Wightman, F., Saleh, S., Crane, M., Cameron, P.U., Bowden, S., Nguyen, T., Pereira, C., Desmond, P., Locarnini, S., Lewin, S., 2010, Coinfection of hepatic cell lines with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus leads to an increase in intracellular hepatitis B surface antigen, Journal Of Virology [P], vol 84, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 5860-5867.
Leeansyah, E., Zhou, J., Paukovics, G., Lewin, S.R., Crowe, S.M., Jaworowski, A., 2010, Decreased NK cell FcRgamma in HIV-1 infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy: A cross sectional study, PLoS ONE [P], vol 5, issue 3 (Art. No: e9643), Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-8.
Avihingsanon, A., Lewin, S.R., Kerr, S., Chang, J., Piyawat, K., Napissanant, N., Mathews, G.V., Dore, G.J., Bowden, S., Lange, J., Ruxrungtham, K., 2010, Efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine compared with emtricitabine alone in antiretroviral-naive HIV-HBV coinfection in Thailand, Antiviral Therapy [P], vol 15, issue 6, International Medical Press, UK, pp. 917-922.
Cameron, P., Saleh, S., Sallmann, G., Solomon, A., Wightman, F., Evans, V., Boucher, G., Haddad, E., Sekaly, R., Harman, A., Anderson, J., Jones, K.L., Mak, J., Cunningham, A., Jaworowski, A., Lewin, S., 2010, Establishment of HIV-1 latency in resting CD4 + T cells depends on chemokine-induced changes in the actin cytoskeleton, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America [P], vol 107, issue 39, National Academy of Sciences, USA, pp. 16934-16939.
Audsley, J.M., Littlejohn, M., Yuen, L., Sasadeusz, J., Ayres, A., Desmond, C., Spelman, T., Lau, G.K.K., Mathews, G.V., Avihingsanon, A., Seaberg, E., Philp, F., Saulynas, M., Ruxrungtham, K., Dore, G., Locarnini, S., Thio, C.L., Lewin, S.R., Revill, P., 2010, HBV mutations in untreated HIV-HBV co-infection using genomic length sequencing, Virology [P], vol 405, issue 2, Academic Press, USA, pp. 539-547.
Lichtfuss, G., Meehan, A., Cheng, W., Cameron, P., Lewin, S., Crowe, S., Jaworowski, A., 2010, HIV inhibits early signal transduction events triggered by CD16 cross-linking on NK cells, which are important for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, Journal of Leukocyte Biology [P], vol 89, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, USA, pp. 149-158.
Crane, M., Sirivichayakul, S., Chang, J.J., Avihingsanon, A., Ubolyam, S., Buranapraditkun, S., Thantiworasit, P., Wightman, F., Locarnini, S., Mathews, G., Dore, G.J., Ruxrungtham, K., Lewin, S.R., 2010, No increase in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with HIV-1-HBV coinfections following HBV-active highly active antiretroviral therapy, Journal Of Virology [P], vol 84, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 2657-2665.
Rotty, J., Anderson, D.A., Garcia, M., Diaz, J., Van de Waarsenburg, S., Howard, T., Dennison, A., Lewin, S., Elliott, J., Hoy, J., 2010, Preliminary assessment of Treponema pallidum-specific IgM antibody detection and a new rapid point-of-care assay for the diagnosis of syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients, International Journal of STD and AIDS [P], vol 21, issue 11, Royal Society of Medicine Services, United Kingdom, pp. 758-764.
Thompson, A., Nguyen, T., Iser, D., Ayres, A., Jackson, K., Littlejohn, M., Slavin, J., Bowden, S., Gane, E., Abbott, W., Lau, G., Lewin, S., Visvanathan, K., Desmond, P., Locarnini, S., 2010, Serum hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen titers: disease phase influences correlation with viral load and intrahepatic hepatitis B virus markers, Hepatology [P], vol 51, issue 6, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, United States of America, pp. 1933-1944.
Giles, M.L., Pedrana, A.E., Jones, C., Garland, S.M., Hellard, M., Lewin, S.R., 2009, Antenatal screening practice for infectious diseases by general practitioners in Australia, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics a..., vol 49, issue 1, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 39-44.
Mathews, G., Seaberg, E., Dore, G., Bowden, S., Lewin, S.R., Sasadeusz, J., Marks, P., Goodman, Z., Philp, F.H., Tang, Y., Locarnini, S., Thio, C., 2009, Combination HBV therapy is linked to greater HBV DNA suppression in a cohort of lamivudine-experienced HIV/HBV coinfected individuals, AIDS [P], vol 23, issue 13, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 1707-1715.
Van der Meulen, J.D., Mifsud, N.A., Abud, D., Paul, E., Varney, M., Lewin, S.R., Cameron, P.U., Kotsimbos, T.C., 2009, Differential dynamics of donor DC and non-DC peripheral blood mononuclear cell microchimerism in lung transplantation, Clinical Immunology [P], vol 133, issue 2, Academic Press, United States, pp. 179-183.
Westhorpe, C.L., Zhou, J., Webster, N., Kalionis, B., Lewin, S.R., Jaworowski, A., Muller, W., Crowe, S.M., 2009, Effects of HIV-1 infection in vitro on transendothelial migration by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, Journal of Leukocyte Biology [P], vol 85, issue 6, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, United States, pp. 1027-1035.
Chang, C.C., McLean, C., Vujovic, O., Jenney, A.J., Short, M., Lyon, S., Storey, E., Lewin, S.R., 2009, Fatal acute varicella-zoster virus hemorrhagic meningomyelitis with necrotizing vasculitis in an HIV-infected patient, Clinical Infectious Diseases [P], vol 48, issue 1, University of Chicago Press, United States, pp. 372-373.
Crane, M., Oliver, B., Matthews, G., Avihingsanon, A., Ubolyam, S., Markovska, V., Chang, J.J., Dore, G., Price, P., Visvanathan, K., French, M., Ruxrungtham, K., Lewin, S.R., 2009, Immunopathogenesis of hepatic flare in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected individuals after the initiation of HBV-active antiretroviral therapy, Journal Of Infectious Diseases [P], vol 199, issue 7, University of Chicago Press, United States, pp. 974-981.
Chang, J.J., Sirivichayakul, S., Avihingsanon, A., Thompson, A.J.V., Revill, P., Iser, D., Slavin, J., Buranapraditkun, S., Marks, P., Matthews, G., Cooper, D.A., Kent, S., Cameron, P.U., Sasadeusz, J., Desmond, P., Locarnini, S., Dore, G., Ruxrungtham, K., Lewin, S.R., 2009, Impaired quality of the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-HBV coinfection, Journal Of Virology [P], vol 83, issue 15, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 7649-7658.
Audsley, J.M., Arrifin, N., Yuen, L., Ayres, A., Crowe, S.M., Bartholomeusz, A., Locarnini, S.A., Mijch, A.M., Lewin, S.R., Sasadeusz, J., 2009, Prolonged use of tenofovir in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected individuals does not lead to HBV polymerase mutations and is associated with persistence of lamivudine HBV polymerase mutations, HIV Medicine [E], vol 10, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 229-235.
Shehu-Xhilaga, M., Rhodes, D., Wightman, F., Liu, H.B., Solomon, A., Saleh, S.M., Dear, A.E., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., 2009, The novel histone deacetylase inhibitors metacept-1 and metacept-3 potently increase HIV-1 transcription in latently infected cells, AIDS [P], vol 23, issue 15, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 2047-2050.
Giles, M.L., Hellard, M.E., Lewin, S.R., O'Brien, M.L., 2009, The work of women when considering and using interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, Aids Care-Psychological And Socio-Medical Aspects ..., vol 21, issue 10, Routledge, United Kingdom, pp. 1230-1237.
Lewin, S.R., Ribeiro, R., Avihingsanon, A., Bowden, S., Mathews, G., Marks, P., Locarnini, S., Ruxrungtham, K., Perelson, A.S., Dore, G., 2009, Viral dynamics of hepatitis B virus DNA in human immunodeficiency virus-1-hepatitis B virus coinfected individuals: Similar effectiveness of lamivudine, tenofovir, or combination therapy, Hepatology [P], vol 49, issue 4, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., United States, pp. 1113-1121.
Matthews, G.V., Avihingsanon, A., Lewin, S.R., Amin, J., Rerknimitr, R., Petcharapirat, P., Marks, P., Sasadeusz, J., Cooper, D.A., Bowden, S., Locarnini, S., Ruxrungtham, K., Dore, G.J., 2008, A randomized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV/HBV coinfected antiretroviral naive individuals in Thailand, Hepatology [P], vol 48, issue 4, John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA, pp. 1062-1069.
Desmond, C., Bartholomeusz, A., Gaudieri, S., Revill, P., Lewin, S.R., 2008, A systematic review of T-cell epitopes in hepatitis B virus: identification, genotypic variation and relevance to antiviral therapeutics, Antiviral Therapy [P], vol 13, issue 2, International Medical Press, UK, pp. 161-175.
Preiss, S., Littlejohn, M., Angus, P., Thompson, A.J., Desmond, P., Lewin, S.R., Sasadeusz, J., Matthews, G., Dore, G., Shaw, T., Sozzi, V., Yuen, L., Lau, G., Ayres, A., Thio, C.L., Avihingsanon, A., Ruxrungtham, K., Locarnini, S., Revill, P.A., 2008, Defective hepatitis B virus DNA is not associated with disease status but is reduced by polymerase mutations associated with drug resistance, Hepatology [P], vol 48, issue 3, John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA, pp. 741-749.
Evans, V., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., 2008, Human thymic dendritic cells: regulators of T cell development in health and HIV-1 infection, Clinical Immunology [P], vol 126, issue 1, Academic Press, USA, pp. 1-12.
Sidat, M.M., Mijch, A.M., Lewin, S.R., Hoy, J.F., Hocking, J., Fairley, C.K., 2008, Incidence of putative HIV superinfection and sexual practices among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Sexual Health [P], vol 5, issue 1, CSIRO, Australia, pp. 61-67.
Cherry, C., Hoy, J.F., Altman, P., Rowe, J.S., Krum, H., Mills, J., Lewin, S.R., 2008, Phase 1 single dose studies to optimize the pharmacokinetics of DG17, a novel HIV-protease inhibitor pro-drug, using sodium bicarbonate and ritonavir, Current HIV Research [P], vol 6, issue 3, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, The Netherlands, pp. 272-275.
Fairley, C.K., Fehler, G., Lewin, S.R., Pitts, M., Chen, M.Y., Bradshaw, C., Hocking, J., 2008, Sexually transmissible infection and HIV management among men who have sex with men with and without HIV: Survey of medical practitioners who are members of the Australasian Society for HIV Medicine, Sexual Health, vol 5, CSIRO, Australia, pp. 155-159.
Sasadeusz, J., Audsley, J.M., Mijch, A.M., Baden, R., Caro, J., Hunter, H., Matthews, G., McMahon, M.A., Olender, S.A., Siliciano, R.F., Lewin, S.R., Thio, C., 2008, The anti-HIV activity of entecavir: a multicentre evaluation of lamivudine-experienced and lamivudine-naive patients, AIDS [P], vol 22, issue 8, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 947-955.
Giles, M.L., McDonald, A.M., Elliott, E.J., Ziegler, J.B., Hellard, M.E., Lewin, S.R., Kaldor, J.M., 2008, Variable uptake of recommended interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Australia, 1982-2005, Medical Journal Of Australia [P], vol 189, issue 3, Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd., Australia, pp. 151-154.
Lewin, S.R., Murray, J.M., Solomon, A., Wightman, F., Cameron, P.U., Purcell, D.J., Zaunders, J.J., Grey, P., Bloch, M., Smith, D., Cooper, D.A., Kelleher, A.D., 2008, Virologic determinants of success after structured treatment interruptions of antiretrovirals in acute HIV-1 infection, Jaids-Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes [P], vol 47, issue 2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 140-147.
Saleh, S.M., Solomon, A., Wightman, F., Shehu-Xhilaga, M., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., 2007, CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 increase permissiveness of resting memory CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection: a novel model of HIV-1 latency, Blood, vol 110, issue 13, American Society of Hematology, USA, pp. 4161-4164.
Singh, K.P., Howard, J.L., Wild, S.P., Jones, S.L., Hoy, J.F., Lewin, S.R., 2007, Human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8+ T cell responses are reduced in HIV-infected individuals with a history of CMV disease despite CD4+ T cell recovery, Clinical Immunology, vol 124, issue 2, Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, USA, pp. 200-206.
Revill, P., Littlejohn, M., Ayres, A., Yuen, L., Colledge, D., Bartholomeusz, A., Sasaduesz, J., Lewin, S.R., Dore, G., Matthews, G.V., Thio, C.l., Locarnini, S., 2007, Identification of a novel hepatitis B virus precore/core deletion mutant in HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals, AIDS, vol 21, issue 13, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 1701-1710.
Chang, J.J., Lewin, S.R., 2007, Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection, Immunology And Cell Biology [P], vol 85, issue 1, Nature Publishing Group, UK & Australia, pp. 16-23.
Lau, G., Cooksley, H., Ribeiro, R.M., Powers, K.A., Shudo, E., Bowden, S., Hui, C., Anderson, J., Sorbel, J., Mondou, E., Rousseau, F., Lewin, S.R., Perelson, A.S., Locarnini, S.A., Naoumov, N.V., 2007, Impact of early viral kinetics on T-cell reactivity during antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B, Antiviral Therapy [P], vol 12, issue 5, International Medical Press, UK, pp. 705-718.
Gorry, P.R., McPhee, D.A., Verity, E.E., Dyer, W.B., Wesselingh, S.L., Learmont J., Sullivan, J.S., Roche, M., Zaunders, J.J., Gabuzda, D., Crowe, S.M., Mills, J., Lewin, S.R., Brew, B.J., Cunningham, A.L., Churchill, M., 2007, Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated, nef-deleted HIV-1 strains in vivo, Retrovirology, vol 4, Biomed Central Ltd, England, pp. 1-13.
Cameron, P.U., Handley, A., Baylis, D.C., Solomon, A., Bernard, N., Purcell, D., Lewin, S.R., 2007, Preferential infection of dendritic cells during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of blood leukocytes, Journal of Virology, vol 81, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, US, pp. 2297-2306.
Visvanathan, K., Skinner, N.A., Thompson, A.J.V., Riordan, S.M., Sozzi, V., Edwards, R., Rodgers, S., Kurtovic, J., Chang, J., Lewin, S.R., Desmond, P., Locarnini, S., 2007, Regulation of toll-like receptor-2 expression in chronic hepatitis B by the precore protein, Hepatology, vol 45, issue 1, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, pp. 102-110.
Dyer, W.B., Pett, S.L., Sullivan, J.S., Emery, S., Cooper, D.A., Kelleher, A.D., Lloyd, A., Lewin, S.R., 2007, Substantial Improvements in Performance Indicators Achieved in a Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cryopreservation Quality Assurance Program Using Single Donor Samples, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, vol 14, issue 1, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 52-59.
Chen, L.F., Hoy, J.F., Lewin, S.R., 2007, Ten years of highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, Medical Journal of Australia, vol 186, issue 3, Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd, Australia, pp. 146-151.
Ellery, P., Tippett, E.D., Chiu, Y., Paukovics, G., Cameron, P.U., Solomon, A., Lewin, S.R., Gorry, P.R., Jaworowski, A., Greene, W.C., Sonza, S., Crowe, S.M., 2007, The CD16+ monocyte subset is more permissive to infection and preferentially harbors HIV-1 in vivo, The Journal of Immunology, vol 178, issue 10, American Association of Immunologists, USA, pp. 6581-6589.
Cooper, D., Cahn, P., Lewin, S.R., Kaldor, J.M., McClure, C., Kort, R., Boyd, M., 2007, The Sydney Declaration: a call to scale up research, Lancet [P], vol 370, issue 9581, The Lancet Publishing Group, UK, pp. 7-8.
Chang, J.J., Thompson, A.J.V., Visvanathan, K., Kent, S.J., Cameron, P.U., Wightman, F., Desmond, P.V., Locarnini, S., Lewin, S.R., 2007, The phenotype of hepatitis B virus-specific T cells differ in the liver and blood in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, Hepatology, vol 46, issue 5, John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA, pp. 1332-1340.
Shehu-Xhilaga, M., Kent, S.J., Batten, J., Ellis, S., Van der Meulen, J.D., O'Bryan, M.K., Cameron, P.U., Lewin, S.R., Hedger, M.P., 2007, The testis and epididymis are productively infected by SIV and SHIV in juvenile macaques during the post-acute stage of infection, Retrovirology, vol 4, issue 1, BioMed Central Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 1-13.
Giles, M.L., Garland, S.M., Lewin, S.R., Hellard, M.E., 2007, What are the barriers to offering HIV testing in an antenatal setting? A national study of obstetricians, AIDS, vol 21, issue 12, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 1601-1606.
Matthews, G.V., Bartholomeusz, A., Locarnini, S., Ayres, A., Sasaduesz, J., Seaberg, E., Cooper, D.A., Lewin, S.R., Dore, G.J., Thio, C.l., 2006, Characteristics of drug resistant HBV in an international collaborative study of HIV-HBV-infected individuals on extended lamivudine therapy, AIDS, vol 20, issue 6, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 863-870.
Hui, C., Bowden, D., Zhang, H., Wong, A., Lewin, S.R., Rousseau, F., Mommeja-Marin, H., Lee, N.P., Luk, J.M., Locarnini, S., Leung, N., Naoumov, N.V., Lau, G.K.K., 2006, Comparison of Real-Time PCR assays for monitoring serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels during antiviral therapy, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol 44, issue 8, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 2983-2987.
Lewin, S.R., Kaldor, J.M., Cooper, D.A., 2006, HIV research in Australia: linking basic research findings with clinical and public health outcomes, Retrovirology, vol 3, issue 86, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-5.
Visvanathan, K., Lewin, S.R., 2006, Immunopathogenesis: Role of innate and adaptive immune-responses, Seminars in Liver Disease, vol 26, issue 2, Thieme Medical Publishers Inc., New York USA, pp. 104-115.
Giles, M.L., Garland, S.M., Grover, S., Lewin, S.R., Hellard, M.E., 2006, Impact of an education campaign on management in pregnancy of women infected with a blood-borne virus, Medical Journal Of Australia [P], vol 184, issue 8, Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty Ltd, Australia, pp. 389-392.
Giles, M.L., Hellard, M.E., Lewin, S.R., Mijch, A.M., 2006, The evidence for a change in antenatal HIV screening policy in Australia, Medical Journal of Australia, vol 185, issue 4, Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty Ltd, Australia, pp. 217-220.
Fernandez, S., Nolan, R.C., Price, P., Krueger, R., Wood, C., Cameron, D., Solomon, A., Lewin, S.R., French, M., 2006, Thymic function in severely immunodeficient HIV type 1-infected patients receiving stable and effective antiretroviral therapy, Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, vol 22, issue 2, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, USA, pp. 163-170.
Lewin, S.R., 2005, A randomised controlled trial of oral zinc on the immune response to tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, vol 9, issue 12, Int Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Disease (I U A T L D), Paris France, pp. 1378-1384.
Wightman, F., Lewin, S.R., 2005, CD31(+) naive T-cells are reduced in HIV-infected individuals and are permissive to HIV infection in vitro only following IL-7 stimulation, Tissue Antigens, vol 66, issue 5, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford England, p. 476.
Solomon, A., Lane, N., Wightman, F., Gorry, P.R., Lewin, S.R., 2005, Enhanced replicative capacity and pathogenicity of HIV-1 isolated from individuals infected with drug-resistant virus and declining CD4+ T-cell counts, Jaids-Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes [P], vol 40, issue 2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 140-148.
Chang, J.J., Wightman, F., Bartholomeusz, A., Ayres, A., Kent, S.J., Sasadeusz, J., Lewin, S.R., 2005, Reduced hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-HBV-coinfected individuals receiving HBV-active antiretroviral therapy, Journal Of Virology [P], vol 79, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3038-3051.
Gray, L., Sterjovski J., Churchill, M., Ellery, P., Nasr, N., Lewin, S.R., Crowe, S.M., Wesselingh, S.L., Cunningham, A.L., Gorry, P.R., 2005, Uncoupling coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from macrophage tropism reveals biological properties of CCR5-restricted HIV-1 isolates from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Virology, vol 337, issue 2, Academic Press, USA, pp. 384-398.
Hoy, J.F., Gahan, M.E., Carr, A., Smith, D.E., Lewin, S.R., Wesselingh, S., Cooper, D.A., 2004, Changes in Mitochondrial DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from HIV-Infected Patients with Lipoatrophy Randomized to Receive Abacavir, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol 190, University of Chicago Press, USA, pp. 688-692.
Wightman, F., Walters, T., Ayres, A., Bowden, S., Bartholomeusz, A., Lau, D., Locarnini, S., Lewin, S.R., 2004, Comparison of Sequence Analysis and a Novel Discriminatory Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Lamivudine-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Strains, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol 42, issue 8, American Society of Microbiology, USA, pp. 3809-3812.
Gouskos, T., Wightman, F., Lewin, S.R., Torresi, J., 2004, Highly reproducible transient transfections for the study of hepatitis B virus replication based on an internal GFP reporter system, Journal of Virological Methods [P], vol 121, issue 1, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 65-72.
Gouskos, T., Wightman, F., Chang, J.J., Earnest-Silveira, L., Sasadeusz, J., Lewin, S.R., Torresi, J., 2004, Severe hepatitis and prolonged hepatitis B virus-specific CD8 T-cell response after selection of hepatitis B virus YMDD variant in an HIV/hepatitis B virus-co-infected patient, AIDS [P], vol 18, issue 12, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 1734-1737.
Solomon, A., Cameron, P.U., Bailey, M.J., Dunne, A.L., Crowe, S.M., Hoy, J.F., Lewin, S.R., 2003, Immunological and virological failure after antiretroviral therapy is associated with enhanced peripheral and thymic pathogenicity, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol 187, issue 12, University of Chicago Press, Chicago USA, pp. 1915-1923.
Cooley, L., Ayres, A., Bartholomeusz, A., Lewin, S.R., Crowe, S.M., Mijch, A.M., Locarnini, S., Sasadeusz, J., 2003, Prevalence and characterization of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutations in HIV-HBV co-infected individuals, AIDS [P], vol 17, issue 11, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp. 1649-1657.
Cherry, C., Gahan, M.E., McArthur, J., Lewin, S.R., Hoy, J.F., Wesselingh, S.L., 2002, Exposure to Dideoxynucleosides Is Reflected in Lowered Mitochondrial DNA in Subcutaneous Fat, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol 30, issue 3, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia PA USA, pp. 271-277.
Kedzierska, K., Ellery, P., Mak, J., Lewin, S.R., Crowe, S., Jaworowski, A., 2002, HIV-1Down-Modulates Signaling Chain of Fcin Human Macrophages: A Possible Mechanism for Inhibition of Phagocytosis, Journal of Immunology, vol 168, issue 6, American Association of Immunologists, Bethesda MD USA, pp. 2895-2903.
Gahan, M.E., Miller, F., Lewin, S.R., Cherry, C., Hoy, J., Mijch, A.M., Rosenfeldt, F.L., Wesselingh, S.L., 2001, Quantification of mitochondrial DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and subcutaneous fat using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Journal of Clinical Virology, vol 22, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 241-247.
Lewin, S.R., 1997, The role of alveolar macrphages in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Authorised by: Director, Office of Marketing and Communications.
Maintained by: eSolutions ServiceDesk.
Last updated: 18 February 2013.
Copyright © 2013 Monash University. ABN 12 377 614 012 -
Accessibility -
Caution -
Privacy
CRICOS Provider Number: 00008C
We acknowledge and pay respects to the Elders and Traditional Owners of the land on which our six Australian campuses stand. Information for Indigenous Australians
