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Prof Ben Adler - Researcher Profile

Address

Department of Microbiology
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Clayton

Profile
Summary
Qualifications
Publications
Supervisions

Biography

Putting antibiotic-resistant bugs under the microscope

Professor Ben Adler is interested in the smallest things, which also happen to be among the deadliest: microscopic bacteria that can cause fatal infections in animals and humans. In his world, where evolution takes place at the cellular level, a new killer is demanding more of his time – antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Ben is the Director of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics. He’s been a microbiologist for 30 years but has never been quite so worried by a bug as the one now under his microscope – Acinetobacter baumannii, a potentially deadly antibiotic-resistant bacterium that has appeared in hospitals worldwide.

“It’s really amazing that we’ve only had antibiotics for 70 years or so, since 1941 with penicillin, and are now in a situation where some bacterial infections are untreatable because they’re resistant to every known antibiotic. It’s scary,” he says.

A.baumanni is among the top six bugs causing infection problems in hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus (golden staph) is another.

Ben is studying A.baumanni in collaboration with Dr John Boyce from the Department of Microbiology and professors Roger Nation and Jian Li at the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

People catch hospital infections because they’re already sick or have their immune system suppressed by treatments, Ben says, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are more likely to be found in the hospital environment.

But he also blames our excessive, sometimes inappropriate, use of antibiotics to treat human diseases and promote healthy growth in the animals we eat. These practices are slowly disappearing, but they’ve provided the perfect environment for resistant bacteria to evolve.

“It’s evolution on a minute scale,” he says. “Evolution is simply the environment selecting an individual with an advantage. If antibiotics are in animal feed, the hospital, your throat or your intestine, then mutated bacteria with a selected advantage will flourish – and bacteria are very good at spreading an advantage to other bacteria. Very good indeed.”

Ben’s understanding of the genetics of infectious bacteria draws on many years of research into Leptospira, which causes leptospirosis in animals, especially cattle and pigs in Australia, and sometimes farmers, if they come in contact with animal urine. While largely an animal-to-animal disease in Australia, elsewhere it’s also a serious zoonosis or animal-to-human disease. In the slums of poor tropical countries, where regular flooding brings residents in contact with rat urine, the mortality rate can be 10 to 20 per cent, mainly because people can’t afford treatment.

Penicillin remains effective against leptospirosis in people, if they can afford it, because it’s not used to treat the disease in animals, where it’s usually found, so the Leptospira bug hasn’t developed resistance to it.

It ‘s this knowledge of the genetics of bacteria and how they mutate and evolve that makes Ben’s work so valuable in the quest towards finding effective treatments for bacterial infections in animals and humans. He says some 75 per cent of human infectious diseases have animal origins.

He and his team have been funded to investigate how Leptospira causes disease and identify which of its 3000 to 3500 genes are involved. He does this by knocking out some genes to see if that stops or slows the bug’s disease-causing ability.

“But Leptospira is a difficult bug,’ he says. “It’s only in the last five or six years that we’ve been able to do that with it.”

Ben works with researchers in France, who developed a similar gene-knockout technique independently, to probe the bug.

His team are also funded to work on fowl cholera, which can devastate poultry farms, and the human disease, melioidosis, a soil-borne disease in northern Australia and South East Asia with a mortality rate of 20 to 50 per cent, especially among sufferers of diabetes or alcoholism.

Qualifications

FASM: Institution: Aust Soc Microbiol; Year awarded: 2011

BA: Institution: Monash University; Year awarded: 1989

PHD: Institution: Monash University; Year awarded: 1978

MASM: Institution: Aust Soc Microbiol; Year awarded: 1978

BSC: Institution: Monash University; Year awarded: 1970

Publications

Books

Faine, S., Adler, B., Bolin, C., Perolat, P., 1999, "Leptospira" and leptospirosis, MediSci, Melbourne Vic Australia.

Book Chapters

Adler, B., de la Pena Moctezuma, A., 2010, Leptospira, in Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, eds C.L. Gyles, J.F. Prescott, J. Glenn Songer, C.O. Thoen, Blackwell Publishing (John Wiley & Sons), USA, pp. 527-547.

Boyce, J.D., Harper, M., Wilkie, I., Adler, B., 2010, Pasteurella, in Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, eds C.L. Gyles, J.F. Prescott, J. Glenn Songer, C.O. Thoen, Blackwell Publishing (John Wiley & Sons), USA, pp. 325-346.

Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2008, Proteomic analyses in Pasteurellaceae, in Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects, eds H ChristensenP Kuhnert, Caister Academic Press, UK, pp. 99-112.

Zuerner, R., Bulach, D.M., Seemann, T., Coppel, R.L., Adler, B., 2006, Comparative analysis of pathogenic leptospira genomes, in Molecular Biology of Spirochetes, eds FC Cabello, D Hulinska and HP Godgrey, IOS Press, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 101-114.

Bulach, D.M., Seemann, T., Zuerner, R., Adler, B., 2006, The organization of Leptospira at a genomic level, in Bacterial Genomes and Infectious Diseases, eds Voon L Chan, Philip M. Sherman, Billy Bourke, Humana Press, USA, pp. 109-123.

Adler, B., Faine, S., 2005, Leptospira, in Bacteriology, eds Boriello, SP; Murray, PR; Funke G, Hodder Arnold, London UK, pp. 1865-1884.

Adler, B., de la Pena-Moctezuma, A.M., 2004, Leptospira, in Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, eds Carlton L Gyles, John F Prescott, J Glenn Songer and Charles O Thoen, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford UK, pp. 385-396.

Boyce, J.D., Lo, R.Y.C., Wilkie, I.W., Adler, B., 2004, Pasteurella and Mannheimia, in Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, eds Carlton L Gyles, John F Prescott, J Glenn Songer and Charles O Thoen, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford England, pp. 273-294.

Adler, B., Faine, S., 2002, The Genus Leptospira, in The Prokarytotes, eds M Dworkin, Springer-Verlag, New York/http://141.150.117:8080/prokPUN/chaplist organism, pp. 1-37.

Zuerner, R., Haake, D., Adler, B., Segers, R.P., 2001, Technological advances in the molecular biology of leptospira, in The Spirochestes - Molecular and Cellular Biology, eds Milton H Saier Jr and Jorge Garcia-Lara, Horizon Scientic Press, Wymondham England, pp. 137-145.

Bulach, D.M., Kalambaheti, T., De La Pena Moltezuma, A., Adler, B., 2001, The genetics of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in leptospira, in The Spirochestes - Molecular and Cellular Biology, eds Milton H Saier Jr and Jorge Garcia-Lara, Horizon Scientific Press, Wymondham England, pp. 45-51.

Journal Articles

Li, X., Prescott, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., Devenish, R.J., 2013, Beclin 1 is required for starvation-enhanced, but not rapamycin-enhanced, LC3-associated phagocytosis of Burkholderia pseudomallei in RAW 264.7 cells, Infection And Immunity [P], vol 81, issue 1, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 271-277.

Murray, G.L., Lo, M., Bulach, D.M., Srikram, A., Seemann, T., Quinsey, N.S., Sermswan, R., Allen, A., Adler, B., 2013, Evaluation of 238 antigens of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo for protection against kidney colonisation, Vaccine [P], vol 31, issue 3, Elsevier Ltd, UK, pp. 495-499.

Gatsos, X., Steer, D.L., Junaid, T.A., Smith, A.I., Adler, B., Albert, M.J., 2012, Application of protein purification methods for the enrichment of a cytotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni, BMC Microbiology [P], vol 12, issue Art No.:303, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-10.

Soon, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., Harper, M., Adler, B., Larson, I.C., Nation, R.L., 2012, Cell surface hydrophobicity of colistin-susceptible vs resistant Acinetobacter baumannii determined by contact angles: methodological considerations and implications, Journal Of Applied Microbiology [P], vol 113, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, pp. 940-951.

Harper, M., St Michael, F., Vinogradov, E., John, M., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., Cox, A.D., 2012, Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serovar 9: identification of a proposed bi-functional dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose biosynthesis enzyme, Glycobiology [P], vol 22, issue 3, Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 332-344.

Henry, R.M., Vithanage (Sulthanagoda), N.R., Harrison, P., Seemann, T., Coutts, S.A., Moffatt, J.H., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2012, Colistin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii responds to lipopolysaccharide loss through increased expression of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of lipoproteins, phospholipids, and poly-, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 56, issue 1, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 59-69.

Lambert, A., Picardeau, M., Haake, D.A., Sermswan, R., Srikram, A., Adler, B., Murray, G., 2012, FlaA proteins in Leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence but are not required for formation of the flagellum sheath, Infection And Immunity [P], vol 80, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 2019-2025.

Eshghi, A., Lourdault, K., Murray, G.L., Bartpho, T., Sermswan, R., Picardeau, M., Adler, B., Snarr, B., Zuerner, R.L., Cameron, C.E., 2012, Leptospira interrogans catalase is required for resistance to H2O2 and for virulence, Infection And Immunity [P], vol 80, issue 11, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3892-3899.

Aktories, K., Orth, J.H., Adler, B., 2012, Pasteurella multocida (Preface), Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology [P], vol 361, Springer New York LLC, USA, p. 1.

Wilkie, I.W., Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2012, Pasteurella multocida: diseases and pathogenesis, Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology [P], vol 361, Springer New York LLC, USA, pp. 1-22.

Boyce, J.D., Seemann, T., Adler, B., Harper, M., 2012, Pathogenomics of pasteurella multocida, Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology [P], vol 361, Springer New York LLC, USA, pp. 23-38.

Hatfaludi, T.Z., Al-Hasani, K., Gong, L., Boyce, J.D., Ford, M., Wilkie, I.W., Quinsey, N.S., Dunstone, M.A., Hoke, D.E., Adler, B., 2012, Screening of 71 P. multocida proteins for protective efficacy in a fowl cholera infection model and characterization of the protective antigen PlpE, PLoS ONE [P], vol 7, issue 7 (Art. ID: e39973), Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-11.

Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2012, The key surface components of pasteurella multocida: capsule and lipopolysaccharide, Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology [P], vol 361, Springer New York LLC, USA, pp. 39-51.

Srikram, A., Zhang, K., Bartpho, T., Lo, M., Hoke, D., Sermswan, R., Adler, B., Murray, G., 2011, Cross-protective immunity against leptospirosis elicited by a live, attenuated lipopolysaccharide mutant, Journal of Infectious Diseases [E], vol 203, issue 6, Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 870-879.

Soon, R., Nation, R., Cockram, S., Moffatt, J., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J., Larson, I., Li, J., 2011, Different surface charge of colistin-susceptible and -resistant acinetobacter baumannii cells measured with zeta potential as a function of growth phase and colistin treatment, Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy [P], vol 66, issue 1, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 126-133.

Soon, R., Nation, R., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J., Tan, C., Li, J., Larson, I., 2011, Effect of colistin exposure and growth phase on the surface properties of live acinetobacter baumannii cells examined by atomic force microscopy, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents [P], vol 38, issue 6, Elsevier, Netherlands, pp. 493-501.

Moffatt, J.H., Harper, M., Adler, B., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., 2011, Insertion sequence ISAba11 is involved in colistin resistance and loss of lipopolysaccharide in Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 55, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3022-3024.

Hoke, D.E., Zhang, K., Egan, S., Hatfaludi, T.Z., Buckle, A.M., Adler, B., 2011, Membrane proteins of Pseudoalteromonas tunicata during the transition from planktonic to extracellular matrix-adherent state, Environmental Microbiology Reports [E], vol 3, issue 3, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, pp. 405-413.

Harper, M., St Michael, F., John, M., Vinogradov, E., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., Cox, A.D., 2011, Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serovars 1 and 14 express different lipopolysaccharide structures but share the same lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis outer core locus, Veterinary Microbiology [P], vol 150, issue 3-4, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 289-296.

Harper, M., Cox, A., Adler, B., Boyce, J., 2011, Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide: The long and the short of it, Veterinary Microbiology [P], vol 153, issue 1-2, Elsevier Science BV, The Netherlands, pp. 109-115.

Adler, B., Lo, M., Seemann, T., Murray, G.L., 2011, Pathogenesis of leptospirosis: The influence of genomics, Veterinary Microbiology [P], vol 153, issue 1-2, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 73-81.

Adler, B., Rood, J., Gaastra, W., Browning, G., Moore, R., 2011, Preface: Pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of animals, Veterinary Microbiology [P], vol 153, issue 1-2, Elsevier Science BV, The Netherlands, p. 1.

Deveson Lucas, D.S., Cullen, P.A., Lo, M., Srikram, A., Sermswan, R., Adler, B., 2011, Recombinant LipL32 and LigA from Leptospira are unable to stimulate protective immunity against leptospirosis in the hamster model, Vaccine [P], vol 29, issue 18, Elsevier Ltd, UK, pp. 3413-3418.

D'Cruze, T., Gong, L., Treerat, P., Ramm, G., Boyce, J., Prescott, M., Adler, B., Devenish, R., 2011, Role for the Burkholderia pseudomallei Type Three Secretion System Cluster 1 bpscN gne in vrulence, Infection And Immunity [P], vol 79, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3659-3664.

Allwood, E., Devenish, R., Prescott, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J., 2011, Strategies for Intracellular Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei, Frontiers in Microbiology [E], vol 2, issue Art. No: 170, Frontiers in Research Foundation, Switzerland, pp. 1-19.

Gong, L., Cullinane, M., Treerat, P., Ramm, G., Prescott, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., Devenish, R.J., 2011, The Burkholderia pseudomallei type III secretion system and BopA are required for evasion of LC3-associated phagocytosis, PLoS ONE [P], vol 6, issue 3 (Art. No: e17852), Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-11.

Zapata, S., Trueba, G., Bulach, D.M., Boucher, D.J., Adler, B., Hartskeerl, R., 2010, Characterization of a lipopolysaccharide mutant of Leptospira derived by growth in the presence of an anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody, FEMS Microbiology Letters [P], vol 309, issue 2, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, The Netherlands, pp. 144-150.

Moffatt, J.H., Harper, M., Harrison, P.F., Hale, J.D., Vinogradov, E., Seemann, T., Henry, R.M., Crane, B.A., St Michael, F., Cox, A.D., Adler, B., Nation, R.L., Li, J., Boyce, J.D., 2010, Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mediated by complete loss of lipopolysaccharide production, Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy [P], vol 54, issue 12, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4971-4977.

Steen, J.A., Steen, J.A., Harrison, P.F., Seemann, T., Wilkie, I.W., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2010, Fis is essential for capsule production in Pasteurella multocida and regulates expression of other important virulence factors, Plos Pathogens [P], vol 6, issue 2, Public Library of Science, USA, pp. e1000750-1-e1000750-14.

Patarakul, K., Lo, M., Adler, B., 2010, Global transcriptomic response of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni upon exposure to serum, BMC Microbiology [P], vol 10, issue Art. No. 31, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-16.

Adler, B., de la Pena Moctezuma, A., 2010, Leptospira and leptospirosis, Veterinary Microbiology, vol 140, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 287-296.

Murray, G.L., Srikram, A., Henry, R.M., Hartskeerl, R., Sermswan, R., Adler, B., 2010, Mutations affecting Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccharide attenuate virulence, Molecular Microbiology [P], vol 78, issue 3, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, pp. 701-709.

Harper, M., Cox, A.D., St Michael, F., Ford, M., Wilkie, I.W., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2010, Natural selection in the chicken host identifies 3-deoxy-D-manno- octulosonic acid kinase residues essential for phosphorylation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide, Infection And Immunity [P], vol 78, issue 9, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 3669-3677.

Hatfaludi, T.Z., Al-Hasani, K., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2010, Outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida, Veterinary Microbiology [P], vol 114, issue 1-2, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 1-17.

Witchell, T., Hoke, D., Bulach, D., Coutts, S., Driesen, S., Cordwell, S., Adler, B., 2010, The major surface Vsp proteins of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae form antigenic protein complexes, Veterinary Microbiology [P], vol 149, Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, pp. 157-162.

Lo, M., Murray, G.L., Khoo, C.A., Haake, D.A., Zuerner, R.L., Adler, B., 2010, Transcriptional response of Leptospira interrogans to iron limitation and characterization of a PerR homolog, Infection And Immunity [P], vol 78, issue 11, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4850-4859.

Murray, G.L., King, A.M., Srikram, A., Sermswan, R., Adler, B., 2010, Use of luminescent Leptospira interrogans for enumeration in biological assays, Journal Of Clinical Microbiology [P], vol 48, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 2037-2042.

Lo, M., Cordwell, S.J., Bulach, D.M., Adler, B., 2009, Comparative transcriptional and translational analysis of leptospiral outer membrane protein expression in response to temperature, Public Library of science: Neglected Tropical Diseas..., vol 3, issue 12, Public Library of Science, USA, pp. e560-1-e560-12.

Vivian, J., Beddoe, T.C., McAlister, A.D., Wilce, M.C.J., Zaker-Tabrizi, L., Troy, S.T., Byres, E., Hoke, D.E., Cullen, P.A., Lo, M., Murray, G.L., Adler, B., Rossjohn, J., 2009, Crystal structure of LipL32, the most abundant surface protein of pathogenic Leptospira spp., Journal of Molecular Biology, vol 387, issue 5, Academic Press, UK, pp. 1229-1238.

Murray, G.L., Morel, V., Cerqueira, G.M., Croda, J., Srikram, A., Henry, R., Ko, A.I., Dellagostin, O.A., Bulach, D.M., Sermswan, R.W., Adler, B., Picardeau, M., 2009, Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira species, Infection and Immunity, vol 77, issue 2, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 810-816.

Boyce, J.D., Harper, M., St Michael, F., John, M., Aubry, A., Parnas, H., Logan, S.M., Wilkie, I.W., Ford, M.E., Cox, A.D., Adler, B., 2009, Identification of novel glycosyltransferases required for assembly of the Pasteurella multocida A:1 lipopolysaccharide and their involvement in virulence, Infection and Immunity, vol 77, issue 4, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 1532-1542.

Murray, G.L., Srikram, A., Henry, R.M., Puapairoj, A., Sermswan, R., Adler, B., 2009, Leptospira interrogans requires heme oxygenase for disease pathogenesis, Microbes and Infection, vol 11, issue 2, Elsevier Masson, France, pp. 311-314.

Victoriano, A.F.B., Smythe, L.D., Gloriani-Barzaga, N., Cavinta, L.L., Kasai, T., Limpakarnjanarat, K., Ong, B.L., Gongal, G., Hall, J., Coulombe, C.A., Yanagihara, Y., Yoshida, S., Adler, B., 2009, Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region, BMC Infectious Diseases [P], vol 9, issue 147, BioMed Central Ltd, UK, pp. 1-9.

Murray, G.L., Srikram, A., Hoke, D.E., Wunder Jr., E.A., Henry, R.M., Lo, M., Zhang, K., Sermswan, R.W., Ko, A.I., Adler, B., 2009, Major surface protein LipL32 is not required for either acute or chronic infection with Leptospira interrogans, Infection and Immunity, vol 77, issue 3, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 952-958.

St Michael, F., Harper, M., Parnas, H., John, M., Stupak, J., Vinogradov, E., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., Cox, A.D., 2009, Structural and genetic basis for the serological differentiation of Pasteurella multocida Heddleston Serotypes 2 and 5, Journal Of Bacteriology [P], vol 191, issue 22, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 6950-6959.

Al-Hasani, K., Navarro-Garcia, F., Huerta, J., Adler, B., 2009, The immunogenic SigA enterotoxin of Shigella flexneri 2a binds to HEp-2 cells and induces fodrin redistribution in intoxicated epithelial cells, PLoS ONE [P], vol 4, issue 12, Public Library of Science, USA, pp. e8223-1-e8223-5.

Lazar Adler, N.R., Govan, B., Cullinane, M., Harper, M., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2009, The molecular and cellular basis of pathogenesis in melioidosis: How does Burkholderia pseudomallei cause disease?, FEMS Microbiology Reviews [P], vol 33, issue 6, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK & The Netherlands, pp. 1079-1099.

Hatfaludi, T.Z., Al-Hasani, K., Dunstone, M.A., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2008, Characterization of TolC efflux pump proteins from Pasteurella multocida, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 52, issue 11, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 4166-4171.

Picardeau, M., Bulach, D.M., Bouchier, C., Zuerner, R.L., Zidane, N., Wilson, P., Creno, S., Kuczek, E., Bommezzadri, S., Davis, J., McGrath, A., Johnson, M., Boursaux-Eude, C., Seemann, T., Rouy, Z., Coppel, R.L., Rood, J.I., Lajus, A., Davies, J.K., Medigue, C., Adler, B., 2008, Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis, PL o S One, vol 3, issue 2 (e1607), Public Library of Science, USA, pp. 1-9.

Murray, G.L., Ellis, K., Lo, M., Adler, B., 2008, Leptospira interrogans requires a functional heme oxygenase to scavenge iron from hemoglobin, Microbes & Infection, vol 10, issue 7, Elsevier France, France, pp. 791-797.

Hoke, D.E., Egan, S., Cullen, P.A., Adler, B., 2008, LipL32 is an extracellular matrix-interacting protein of Leptospira spp. and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, Infection and Immunity, vol 76, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 2063-2069.

Albert, M.J., Haridas, S., Adler, B., 2008, Major outer membrane proteins from many Campylobacter species cross-react with cholera toxin, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, vol 15, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, United States, pp. 859-862.

Cullinane, M., Gong, L., Li, X., Lazar Adler, N., Tra, T.C., Wolvetang, E.J., Prescott, M., Boyce, J.D., Devenish, R.J., Adler, B., 2008, Stimulation of autophagy suppresses the intracellular survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei in mammalian cell lines, Autophagy, vol 4, issue 6, Landes Bioscience, United States, pp. 744-753.

Harper, M., Cox, A.D., St Michael, F., Parnas, H., Wilkie, I.W., Blackall, P.J., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2007, Decoration of pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide with phosphocholine is important for virulence, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 189, issue 20, American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 7384-7391.

Myers, G.S., Parker, D., Al-Hasani, K., Kennan, R.M., Seemann, T., Ren, Q., Badger, J.H., Selengut, J.D., DeBoy, R.T., Tettelin, H., Boyce, J.D., McCarl, V., Han, X.Y., Nelson, W.C., Madupu, R., Mohamoud, Y., Holley, T., Fedorova, N., Bottomley, S.P., Whittington, R.J., Adler, B., Songer, J., Rood, J.I., Paulsen, I.T., 2007, Genome sequence and identification of candidate vaccine antigens from the animal pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus, Nature Biotechnology, vol 25, issue 5, Nature Publishing Group, New York NY USA, pp. 569-575.

Albert, M.J., Haridas, S., Steer, D.L., Dhaunsi, G.S., Smith, A.I., Adler, B., 2007, Identification of a Campylobacter jejuni protein that cross-reacts with cholera toxin, Infection and Immunity, vol 75, issue 6, American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 3070-3073.

Al-Hasani, K., Boyce, J.D., McCarl, V., Bottomley, S.P., Wilkie, I.W., Adler, B., 2007, Identification of novel immunogens in Pasteurella multocida, Microbial Cell Factories, vol 6, issue 3, BioMed Central Ltd, London England UK, pp. 1-5.

Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Cox, A.D., St Michael, F., Wilkie, I.W., Blackall, P.J., Adler, B., 2007, Pasteurella multocida expresses two lipopolysaccharide glycoforms simultaneously, but only a single form is required for virulence: Identification of two acceptor-specific heptosyl I transferases, Infection and Immunity, vol 75, issue 8, American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 3885-3893.

Matsunaga, J., Lo, M., Bulach, D.M., Zuerner, R.L., Adler, B., Haake, D.A., 2007, Response of Leptospira interrogans to physiologic osmolarity: relevance in signaling the environment-to-host transition, Infection and Immunity, vol 75, issue 6, American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 2864-2874.

van Ulsen, P., Adler, B., Fassler, P., Gilbert, M., van Schilfgaarde, M., van der Ley, P., van Alphen, L., Tommassen, J., 2006, A novel phase-variable autotransporter serine protease, AusI, of Neisseria meningitidis, Microbes and Infection, vol 8, issue 8, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, AmsterdamNetherlands, pp. 2088-2097.

Boyce, J.D., Cullen, P.A., Nguyen, V., Wilkie, I.W., Adler, B., 2006, Analysis of the Pasteurella multocida outer membrane sub-proteome and its response to the in vivo environment of the natural host, Proteomics, vol 6, issue 3, Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Germany, pp. 870-880.

Witchell, T.D., Coutts, S.A.J., Bulach, D.M., Adler, B., 2006, Differential expression of the Bhmp39 major outer membrane proteins of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Infection and Immunity, vol 74, issue 6, The American Society of Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 3271-3276.

Lo, M., Bulach, D.M., Powell, D.R., Haake, D.A., Matsunaga, J., Paustian, M.L., Zuerner, R.L., Adler, B., 2006, Effects of temperature on gene expression patterns in Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai as assessed by whole-genome microarrays, Infection and Immunity, vol 74, issue 10, Amer Soc Microbiology, WASHINGTON DC USA, pp. 5848-5859.

Bulach, D.M., Zuerner, R.L., Wilson, P., Seemann, T., McGrath, A., Cullen, P.A., Davis, J., Johnson, M., Kuczek, E., Alt, D.P., Peterson-Burch, B., Coppel, R.L., Rood, J.I., Davies, J.K., Adler, B., 2006, Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential, Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, vol 103, issue 39, Natl Acad Scicences, Washington DC USA, pp. 14560-14565.

Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2006, How does Pasteurella multocida respond to the host environment?, Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol 9, issue 1, Current Biology Ltd, LONDON ENGLAND, pp. 117-122.

Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2006, Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol 265, issue 1, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, OXON ENGLAND, pp. 1-10.

Hampson, D.J., La, T., Adler, B., Trott, D.J., 2006, Proposed revisions to the nomenclature for Brachyspira membrane proteins and lipoproteins, Microbiology-Sgm, vol 152, Soc General Microbiology, BERKS ENGLAND UK, pp. 1-2.

Adlowitz, D.G., Sethi, S., Cullen, P.A., Adler, B., Murphy, T.F., 2005, Human Antibody Response to Outer Membrane Protein G1a, a Lipoprotein of Moraxella catarrhalis, Infection and Immunity, vol 73, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 6601-6607.

Khan, I., Adler, B., Haridas, S., Albert, M.J., 2005, PorA protein of Campylobacter jejuni is not a cytotoxin mediating inflammatory diarrhoea, Microbes and Infection, vol 7, issue 5-6, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam The Netherlands, pp. 853-859.

Cullen, P.A., Xu, X., Matsunaga, J., Sanchez, Y., Ko, A.I., Haake, D.A., Adler, B., 2005, Surfaceome of Leptospira spp., Infection and Immunity, vol 73, issue 8, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 4853-4863.

Cune, J., Cullen, P.A., Mazon, G., Campoy, S., Adler, B., Barbe, J., 2005, The Leptospira interrogans lexA gene is not autoregulated, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 187, issue 16, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 5841-5845.

Boucher, D.J., Adler, B., Boyce, J.D., 2005, The Pasteurella multocida nrfE gene Is upregulated during infection and is essential for nitrite reduction but not for virulence, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 187, issue 7, American Society for Microbiology, USA, pp. 2278-2285.

Chung, J.Y., Wilkie, I.W., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2005, Vaccination against fowl cholera with acapsular Pasteurella multocida A:1, Vaccine, vol 23, Elsevier Ltd, UK, pp. 2751-2755.

Que-Gewirth, N.L.S., Ribeiro, A.A., Kalb, S.R., Cotter, R.J., Bulach, D.M., Adler, B., Saint Girons, I., Werts, C., Raetz, C.R.H., 2004, A Methylated phosphate group and four amide-linked acyl chains in Leptospira interrogans lipid A, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 279, issue 24, The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc, Bethesda USA, pp. 25420-25429.

Harper, M., Cox, A.D., St Michael, F., Wilkie, I.W., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2004, A heptosyltransferase mutant of Pasteurella multocida produces a truncated lipopolysaccharide structure and Is attenuated in virulence, Infection and Immunity, vol 72, issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 3436-3443.

Lo, M., Boyce, J.D., Wilkie, I.W., Adler, B., 2004, Characterization of two lipoproteins in Pasteurella multocida, Microbes and Infection, vol 6, issue 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam The Netherlands, pp. 58-67.

Luck, S.N., Turner, S.A., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., Sakellaris, H.H., 2004, Excision of the Shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island in Shigella flexneri is stimulated by a member of a new subgroup of recombination directionality factors, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 186, issue 16, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 5551-5554.

Boyce, J.D., Wilkie, I.W., Harper, M., Paustian, M.L., Kapur, V., Adler, B., 2004, Genomic-scale analysis of Pasteurella multocida gene expression during growth within liver tissue of chickens with fowl cholera, Microbes and Infection, vol 6, issue 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam The Netherlands, pp. 290-298.

Boyce, J.D., Cullen, P.A., Adler, B., 2004, Genomic-scale analysis of bacterial gene and protein expression in the host, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol 10, issue 8, Center Disease Control, Atlanta USA, pp. 1357-1362.

Cullen, P.A., Haake, D.A., Adler, B., 2004, Outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol 28, issue 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam The Netherlands, pp. 291-318.

Sakellaris, H.H., Luck, S.N., Al-Hasani, K., Rajakumar, K., Turner, S.A., Adler, B., 2004, Regulated site-specific recombination of the she pathogenicity island of Shigella flexneri, Molecular Microbiology, vol 52, issue 5, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford England, pp. 1329-1336.

Turner, S.A., Luck, S.N., Sakellaris, H.H., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., 2004, Role of attP in integrase-mediated integration of the Shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island of Shigella flexneri, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 48, issue 3, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 1028-1031.

Cullen, P.A., Coutts, S.A.J., Bulach, D.M., Adler, B., 2003, Characterization of a locus encoding four paralogous outer membrane lipoproteins of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Microbes and Infection, vol 5, issue 4, Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, Paris France, pp. 275-283.

Cullen, P.A., Lo, M., Bulach, D.M., Cordwell, S.J., Adler, B., 2003, Construction and evaluation of a plasmid vector for the expression of recombinant lipoproteins in Escherichia coli, Plasmid, vol 49, issue 1, Academic Press Inc, Elsevier Science, San Diego USA, pp. 18-29.

Cox, A.J., Hunt, M.L., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2003, Functional characterization of HgbB, a new hemoglobin binding protein of Pasteurella multocida, Microbial Pathogenesis, vol 34, issue 6, Academic Press Ltd, Elsevier Science Ltd, London UK, pp. 287-296.

Cullen, P.A., Haake, D.A., Bulach, D.M., Zuerner, R.L., Adler, B., 2003, LipL21 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic Leptospira species, Infection and Immunity, vol 71, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 2414-2421.

Turner, S.A., Luck, S.N., Sakellaris, H.H., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., 2003, Molecular epidemiology of the SRL pathogenicity island, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 47, issue 2, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 727-734.

Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Wilkie, I.W., Adler, B., 2003, Signature-tagged mutagenesis of Pasteurella multocida identifies mutants displaying differential virulence characteristics in mice and chickens, Infection and Immunity, vol 71, issue 9, American Soceity for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 5440-5446.

Boyce, J.D., Wilkie, I., Harper, M., Paustian, M.L., Kapur, V., Adler, B., 2002, Genomic Scale Analysis of Pasteurella multocida Gene Expression during Growth within the Natural Chicken Host, Infection and Immunity, vol 70, issue 12, ASM, Washington DC USA, pp. 6871-6879.

Cullen, P.A., Bulach, D.M., Cordwell, S.J., Haake, D.A., Adler, B., 2002, Global Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Leptospira interrogans Serovar Lai, Infection and Immunity, vol 70, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 2311-2318.

Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2001, Acapsular pasteurella multocida B:2 can stimulate protective immunity against pasteurellosis, Infection and Immunity, vol 69, issue 3, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 1943-1946.

Al-Hasani, K., Adler, B., Rajakumar, K., Sakellaris, H., 2001, Distribution and structural variation of the she pathgenicity island in enteric bacterial pathogens, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol 50, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia USA, pp. 780-786.

Luck, S.N., Turner, S.A., Rajakumar, K., Sakellaris, H., Adler, B., 2001, Ferric dicitrate transport system (Fec) of Shigella flexneri 2a YSH6000 is encoded on a novel pathogenicity island carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes, Infection and Immunity, vol 69, issue 10, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 6012-6021.

De La Pena Moctezuma, A., Bulach, D.M., Adler, B., 2001, Genetic differences among the LPS biosynthetic loci of serovars of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii, FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, vol 31, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 73-81.

Townsend, K.M., Boyce, J.D., Chung, J.Y., Frost, A.J., Adler, B., 2001, Genetic organization of Pasteurella multocida cap Locia and development of a multiplex capsular PCR typing system, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol 39, issue 3, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 924-929.

Al-Hasani, K., Rajakumar, K., Bulach, D.M., Robins-Browne, R.M., Adler, B., Sakellaris, H., 2001, Genetic organization of the she pathogenicity island in Shigella flexneri 2a, Microbial Pathogenesis, vol 30, Academic Press Ltd, London England, pp. 1-8.

Hunt, M.L., Boucher, D., Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2001, In vivo-expressed genes of Pasteurella multocida, Infection and Immunity, vol 69, issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 3004-3012.

Turner, S.A., Luck, S., Sakellaris, H., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., 2001, Nested deletions of the SRL pathogenicity island of Shigella flexneri 2a, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 183, issue 19, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 5535-5543.

Chung, J.Y., Wilkie, I., Boyce, J.D., Townsend, K.M., Frost, A.J., Ghoddusi, M., Adler, B., 2001, Role of capsule in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera caused by pasteurella multocida serogroup A, Infection and Immunity, vol 69, issue 4, American Society of Microbiology, Washington DC USA, pp. 2487-2492.

Hunt, M.R., Cox, A.J., Ruffolo, C.G., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., 2000, Characterisation of a Pasteurella multocida esterase gene which confers a hemolytic phenotype in Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol 192, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 249-256.

Cox, A.J., Hunt, M.R., Ruffolo, C.G., Adler, B., 2000, Cloning and characterisation of the Pasteurella multocida ahpA gene responsible for a haemolytic phenotype in Escherichia coli, Veterinary Microbiolgy, vol 72, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 135-152.

Sakellaris, H., Hannink, N.K., Rajakumar, K., Bulach, D.M., Hunt, M.R., Sasakawa, C., Adler, B., 2000, Curli loci of Shigella spp, Infection and Immunity, vol 68 issue 6, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 3780-3783.

Bulach, D.M., Kalambaheti, T., de la Pena-Moctezuma, A.M., Adler, B., 2000, Functional analysis of genes in the rfb locus of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis, Infection and Immunity, vol 68 issue 7, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 3793-3798.

Boyce, J.D., Chung, J.Y., Adler, B., 2000, Genetic organisation of the capsule biosynthetic locus of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B:2), Veterinary Microbiology, vol 72, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 121-134.

Bulach, D.M., Kalambaheti, T., de la Pena-Moctezuma, A.M., Adler, B., 2000, Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Leptospira, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol 2 issue 4, Horizon Scientific Press, Norfolk UK, pp. 375-380.

Mitchison, M., Wei, L., Kwang, J., Wilkie, I., Adler, B., 2000, Overexpression and immunogenicity of the Oma87 outer membrane protein of Pasteurella multocida, Veterinary Microbiology, vol 72, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 91-96.

Boyce, J.D., Chung, J.Y., Adler, B., 2000, Pasteurella multocida capsule: composition, function and genetics, Journal of Biotechnology, vol 83, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 153-160.

Zuerner, R., Haake, D., Adler, B., Segers, R.P., 2000, Technological advances in the molecular biology of Leptospira, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol 2 issue 4, Horizon Scientific Press, Norfolk UK, pp. 455-462.

Boyce, J.D., Adler, B., 2000, The capsule is a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B:2), Infection and Immunity, vol 68 issue 6, American Society for Microbiolgy, Washington USA, pp. 3463-3468.

Hunt, M.R., Adler, B., Townsend, K.M., 2000, The molecular biology of Pasteurella multocida, Veterinary Microbiology, vol 72, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 3-25.

Al-Hasani, K., Henderson, I.R., Sakellaris, H., Rajakumar, K., Grant, T., Nataro, J.P., Robins-Browne, R.M., Adler, B., 2000, The sigA gene which is borne on the she pathogenicity island of Shigella flexneri 2a encodes an exported cytopathic protease involved in intestinal fluid accumulation, Infection and Immunity, vol 68 issue 5, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 2457-2463.

Doughty, S., Ruffolo, C.G., Adler, B., 2000, The type 4 fimbrial subunit gene of Pasteurella multocida, Veterinary Microbiology, vol 72, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 79-90.

Adler, B., Bulach, D.M., Chung, J.Y., Doughty, S., Hunt, M.R., Rajakumar, K., Serrano, M.S., Van Zanden, A., Zhang, Y., Ruffolo, C.G., 1999, Candidate vaccine antigens and genes in "Pasteurella multocida", Journal of Biotechnology, vol 73, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 83-90.

de la Pena-Moctezuma, A.M., Bulach, D.M., Kalambaheti, T., Adler, B., 1999, Comparative analysis of the LPS biosynthetic loci of the genetic subtypes of serovar Hardjo: "Leptospira interrogans" subtype Hardjoprajitno and "Leptospira borgpetersenii" subtype Hardjobovis, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol 177, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 319-326.

Kalambaheti, T., Bulach, D.M., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., 1999, Genetic organization of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen biosynthetic locus of "Leptospira borgpetersenii" serovar Hardjobovis, Microbial Pathogenesis, vol 27, Academic Press Ltd, London UK, pp. 105-117.

Ruffolo, C.G., Jost, B.H., Adler, B., 1998, Iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida and their role in immunity, Veterinary Microbiology, vol 59, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 123-137.

Perolat, P., Chappel, R.J., Adler, B., Baranton, G., Bulach, D.M., Billinghurst, M.L., Letocart, M., Merien, F., Serrano, M.S., 1998, Leptospira fainei sp. nov., isolated from pigs in Australia, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 48, Society for General Microbiology, Reading UK, pp. 851-858.

Ballard, S.A., Go, M., Segers, R.P., Adler, B., 1998, Molecular analysis of the dnaK locus of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni, Gene, vol 216, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 21-29.

Hunt, M.R., Ruffolo, C.G., Rajakumar, K., Adler, B., 1998, Physical and genetic map of the Pasteurella multocida A:1chromosome, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 180 no 22, American Society for Microbiology, Washington USA, pp. 6054-6058.

Chappel, R.J., Prime, R.W., Millar, B.D., Jones, R.T., Cutler, R.S., Adler, B., 1998, Prevalence and geograhic origin of pigs with serological evidence of infection with Leptospira interrogans serover pomona slaughtered in abattoirs in Victoria, Australia, Veterinary Microbiology, vol 62, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 235-242.

Chappel, R.J., Khalik, D.A., Adler, B., Bulach, D.M., Faine, S., Perolat, P., Vallance, V., 1998, Serological titres to Leptospira fainei serovar hurstbridge in human sera in Australia, Epidemiology and Infection, vol 121, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, pp. 473-475.

Chung, J.Y., Zhang, Y., Adler, B., 1998, The capsule biosynthetic locus of Pasteurella multocidaA:1, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol 166, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 289-296.

Homchampa, P., Strugnell, R., Adler, B., 1997, Cross protective immunity conferred by a marker - free aroA mutant of Pasteurella multocida, Vaccine, vol 15, Elsevier Science Ltd, Exeter UK, pp. 203-208.

Mitchison, M., Bulach, D.M., Vinh, T., Rajakumar, K., Faine, S., Adler, B., 1997, Identification and characterization of the dTDP - rhamnose biosynthesis and transfer genes of the lipopolysaccharide - related rfb locus in Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, Journal of Bacteriology, vol 179, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp. 1262-1267.

Rajakumar, K., Bulach, D.M., Davies, J.K., Ambrose, L.R., Sasakawa, C., Adler, B., 1997, Identification of a chromosomal Shigella flexneri multi - antibiotic resistance locus which shares sequence and organisational similarity with the resistance region of the plasmid NR1, Plasmid, vol 37, Acadmic Press, Orlando FL, pp. 159-168.

Ruffolo, C.G., Tennent, J.M., Michalski, W.P., Adler, B., 1997, Identification, purification, and characterization of the type 4 fimbriae of Pasteurella multocida, Infection and Immunity, vol 65, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp. 339-343.

Jost, B.H., Homchampa, P., Strugnell, R., Adler, B., 1997, The sacB gene cannot be used as a counter-selectable marker in Pasteurella multocida, Molecular Biotechnology, vol 8, Humana Press Inc, Totowa NJ, pp. 189-191.

Adler, B., 1997, To the guts of spirochaete biology, Trends in Microbiology, vol 5, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford UK, pp. 376-377.

Rajakumar, K., Sasakawa, C., Adler, B., 1997, Use of a novel approach, termed island probing, identifies the Shigella flexnerishe pathogenicity island which encodes a homolog of the immunoglobulin A proteas- like family of proteins, Infection and Immunity, vol 65, American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, pp. 4606-4614.

Conference Proceedings

Ruffolo, C.G., Adler, B., 1997, th eprotective 87 kilodalton outer membrane antigen, Oma87, of Pasteurella multocida, Proceedings of 1997 Australian Poultry Science Symposium, Sydney, 02/97, Poultry Science Foundation, Sydney NSW Australia, pp. 32-38.

Postgraduate Research Supervisions

Current Supervision

Program of Study:: (DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:: Characterisation of two-component signal transfuction systems in Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Supervisors:: Boyce, J (Main), Allwood, E (Associate), Adler, B (Associate).

Program of Study:: (DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:: Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Murray, G (Associate).

Program of Study:: (DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:: Type III secretion system (TTSS) and pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei..
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Joint), Boyce, J (Joint-co).

Completed Supervision

Student:: Al-Hasani, K.
Program of Study:: CHARACTERISATION OF THE SHE PATHOGENICITY ISLAND OF SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A. (PHD) 2001.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main).
Student:: Badea, L.
Program of Study:: Novel virulence associated factors of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli. (PHD) 2008.
Supervisors:: Hartland, E (Main), Adler, B (Associate).
Student:: Boucher, D.
Program of Study:: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF IN VIVO EXPRESSED GENES OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA. (PHD) 2004.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main).
Student:: Chung, J.
Program of Study:: THE CAPSULE OF P. MULTICIDA SEROGROUP A: GENETICS, VIRULENCE AND IMMUNITY. (PHD) 2000.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main).
Student:: Cox, A.
Program of Study:: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF POTENTIAL VIRULENCE FACTORS OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA. (PHD) 2003.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main).
Student:: Cullen, P.
Program of Study:: SPIROCHETAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS. (PHD) 2003.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Bulach, D (Associate).
Student:: D'Cruze, T.
Program of Study:: Characterising putative effector proteins of Burkholderia pseudomallei. (PHD) 2012.
Supervisors:: Devenish, R (Main), Adler, B (Associate), Prescott, M (Associate).
Student:: De La Pena Moctezuma, A.
Program of Study:: STUDIES ON THE GENETIC ORGANISATION OF THE rfb LOCI OF Leptospira interrogans SEROVARS. (PHD) 2002.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Bulach, D (Joint).
Student:: Deen, S.
Program of Study:: A plant-based recombinant PlpE vaccine for fowl cholera. (PHD) 2012.
Supervisors:: Walmsley, A (Main), Adler, B (Associate), Hatfaludi, T (Associate).
Student:: Harper, M.
Program of Study:: VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS OF PASTEURALLA MULTOCIDA. (PHD) 2003.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Joint-Co), Boyce, J (Joint).
Student:: Hatfaludi, T.
Program of Study:: Membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida: roles in immunity & disease. (PHD) 2009.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Al-Hasani, K (Associate).
Student:: Henry, R.
Program of Study:: Metalloproteases of Leptospira. (PHD) 2010.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Murray, G (Associate).
Student:: Hunt, M.
Program of Study:: MOLECULAR INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS AND GENOMIC STRUCTURE OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA. (PHD) 2000.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main).
Student:: Kalambaheti, T.
Program of Study:: LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS IN LEPTOSPIRA BORGPETERSENII SV HARDJOBOVIS. (PHD) 2000.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Bulach, D (Associate).
Student:: Lazar Adler, N.
Program of Study:: Studies on the molecular basis of pathogenesis of melioidosis. (PHD) 2009.
Supervisors:: Boyce, J (Main), Adler, B (Associate), Harper, M (Associate).
Student:: Lo, M.
Program of Study:: CHARACTERISATION OF IN VIVO EXPRESSED PROTEINS OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA. (PHD) 2003.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Boyce, J (Joint).
Student:: Luck, S.
Program of Study:: THE SRL PATHOGENICITY ISLAND OF SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 2A YSH6000. (PHD) 2003.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Joint-Co), Rajakumar, K (Joint).
Student:: Sansom, F.
Program of Study:: Contribution to virulence of Legionella pneumophila proteins that possess similarity to eukaryotic proteins. (PHD) 2007.
Supervisors:: Hartland, E (Main), Adler, B (Associate).
Student:: Serrano, M.
Program of Study:: INDENTIFICATION OF SURFACE AND/OR EXPORTED PROTEINS OF P. MULTOCIDA USING THE 'BLUE HALO' ASSAY SYSTEM. (Masters) 2000.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main).
Student:: Steen, J.
Program of Study:: Analysis of Pasteurella multocida virulence factors. (PHD) 2010.
Supervisors:: Boyce, J (Joint-Co), Adler, B (Associate), Harper, M (Associate).
Student:: Turner, S.
Program of Study:: GENETICS OF THE SRL PATHOGENICITY ISLAND OF SHIGELLA. (PHD) 2003.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Joint-Co), Rajakumar, K (Joint).
Student:: Witchell, T.
Program of Study:: Paralogous genes encoding membrane proteins of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. (PHD) 2011.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Bulach, D (Associate).
Student:: Zhang, K.
Program of Study:: Proteomics analysis of outer membrane proteins of Leptospira interrogans. (PHD) 2012.
Supervisors:: Adler, B (Main), Hoke, D (Associate), Smith, A (Associate).