Prof Robert Medcalf - Researcher Profile

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Address

Australian Centre for Blood Diseases
6th Floor, Burnet Tower, The Alfred Hospital

Biography

Discovering a new biological universe 

Senior Research Fellow Robert Medcalf is deeply interested in fibrinolysis – the process our bodies implement to remove blood clots. He is investigating how we can use our natural clot busting mechanisms to help treat stroke victims. His interest in the chemicals in our bodies that can help reduce the long-term damage of stroke and also in other diseases of the brain including traumatic brain injury.

 

Fibrinolysis gets its name from a protein called fibrin which gives a blood clot its physical texture.  

“A lot of the time, we need to [form clots] because we hurt ourselves,” Robert explains. “That’s just normal, but as we get older, our blood vessels start decaying to some extent, and blood clots start forming at sites which are inappropriate, because it’s viewed [by our body] as a wound. Then you’re in all sorts of trouble - strokes, heart attacks, deep vein thrombosis, and so on.”

To treat such ailments, doctors will often give megadoses of the body’s natural clot removing enzyme, TPA – tissue plasminogen activator – to remove the clot. However, for stroke victims, TPA is only useful within a four and a half hour ‘window’ after stroke onset. This severely limits the scope of treatment. and part of Robert’s work is to try to extend this window. 

“If you get to the hospital early enough, TPA is good. After that, it becomes precarious. We’ve been looking into lengthening the time line by which doctors can still administer TPA. Some trials are going to six hours, and others are going to nine hours. At those kinds of rates, rather than a 15 per cent chance, you would start having a 20 to 25 per cent chance of doctors treating you with TPA, maybe even more. That’s a tremendous improvement.”

However, TPA may have applications beyond its role as a stroke-treatment agent. Indeed, Robert suggests that clot busting may be TPA’s secondary purpose. 

“TPA can influence the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. It’s very important in memory formation and plasticity on learning . It even acts as a neurotransmitter. [It’s capable of] all sorts of surprising things.”

To understand the effects and value of TPA better, Robert is extending his research beyond human physiology – and to that of Desmodus rotundus: the common vampire bat.

“There’s this TPA molecule derived from the vampire bat that has no damaging brain effect whatsoever – at least in preliminary tests – and this has offered some interesting possibilities for stroke treatment. 

"We are also very interested in applying our knowledge to see how t-PA is influencing other brain conditions, including traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and even in multiple sclerosis. It is a very exciting time to be in research" 

 

Qualifications

PH.D.
Institution: UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
Year awarded: 1984

Publications

Book Chapters

Medcalf, R., 2011, Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2: still an enigmatic serpin but a model for gene regulation, in Methods in Enzymology, Volume 499: Biology of Serpins, eds James C. Whisstock and Phillip I. Bird, Academic Press, USA, pp. 105-134.

Stasinopoulos, S., Tran, H., Chen, E., Sachchithananthan, M., Nagamine, Y., Medcalf, R.L., 2005, Regulation of protease and protease inhibitor gene expression: the role of the 3'-UTR and lessons from the plasminogen activating system, in Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, eds Kivie Moldave, Academic Press, UNITED STATES, pp. 169-215.

Journal Articles

Medcalf, R., 2012, Desmoteplase: Discovery, insights and opportunities for ischaemic stroke, British Journal of Pharmacology [P], vol 165, issue 1, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, United Kingdom, pp. 75-89.

Samson, A.L., Knaupp, A.S., Sashindranath, M., Borg, R.J., Au, A.E., Cops, E.J., Saunders, H.M., Cody, S.H., McLean, C., Nowell, C.J., Hughes, V.A., Bottomley, S.P., Medcalf, R.L., 2012, Nucleocytoplasmic coagulation: an injury-induced aggregation event that disulfide crosslinks proteins and facilitates their removal by plasmin, Cell Reports [E], vol 2, issue 4, Cell Press, USA, pp. 889-901.

Medcalf, R.L., Davis, S.M., 2012, Plasminogen activation and thrombolysis for ischemic stroke, International Journal Of Stroke [P], vol 7, issue 5, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia, Australia, pp. 419-425.

Larsson, P., Ulfhammer, E., Magnusson, M., Bergh, N., Lunke, S., El-Osta, A., Medcalf, R.L., Svensson, P., Karlsson, L., Jern, S., 2012, Role of histone acetylation in the stimulatory effect of valproic acid on vascular endothelial tissue-type plasminogen activator expression, PLoS ONE [P], vol 7, issue 2 (Art. No: e31573), Public Library of Science, United States, pp. 1-9.

Sashindranath, M., Sales, E., Daglas, M., Freeman, R., Samson, A.L., Cops, E., Beckham, S.A., Galle, A.A., McLean, C., Morganti-Kossmann, M.C., Rosenfeld, J.V., Madani, R., Vassalli, J., Su, E.J., Lawrence, D.A., Medcalf, R.L., 2012, The tissue-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 complex promotes neurovascular injury in brain trauma: evidence from mice and humans, Brain [P], vol 135, issue Part 11, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, pp. 3251-3264.

Tan, M., Ng, A.Q.P., Pandher, P., Sashindranath, M., Hamilton, J.A., Davis, S.M., O'Brien, T.J., Medcalf, R.L., Yan, B., Jones, N., 2012, Tissue plasminogen activator does not alter development of acquired epilepsy, Epilepsia [P], vol 53, issue 11, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc., United States, pp. 1998-2004.

Wu, F., Wu, J., Nicholson, A., Echeverry, R., Haile, W., Catano, M., An, J., Lee, A., Duong, D., Dammer, E., Seyfried, N.T., Tong, F.C., Votaw, J.R., Medcalf, R.L., Yepes, M., 2012, Tissue-type plasminogen activator regulates the neuronal uptake of glucose in the ischemic brain, Journal Of Neuroscience [P], vol 32, issue 29, Society for Neuroscience, United States, pp. 9848-9858.

Niego, B., Freeman, R., Puschmann, T., Turnley, A., Medcalf, R.L., 2012, t-PA-specific modulation of a human blood-brain barrier model involves plasmin-mediated activation of the Rho kinase pathway in astrocytes, Blood [P], vol 119, issue 20, American Society of Hematology, United States, pp. 4752-4761.

Tjarnlund-Wolf, A., Hultman, K., Curtis, M., Faull, R., Medcalf, R., Jern, C., 2011, Allelic imbalance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene expression in human brain tissue, Thrombosis and Haemostasis [P], vol 105, issue 6, Schattauer GmbH, Germany, pp. 945-953.

Sashindranath, M., Samson, A., Downes, C.E., Crack, P., Lawrence, A.J., Li, Q., Ng, A.Q.P., Jones, N.C., Farrugia, J., Abdella, E., Vassalli, J., Madani, R., Medcalf, R., 2011, Compartment- and context-specific changes in tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity following brain injury and pharmacological stimulation, Laboratory Investigation [P], vol 91, issue 7, Nature Publishing Group, United Kingdom, pp. 1079-1091.

Liu, Y., Gao, X., Fang, L., Jennings, N., Su, Y., Xu, Q., Samson, A., Kiriazis, H., Wang, X., Shan, L., Sturgeon, S., Medcalf, R., Jackson, S., Dart, A., Du, X., 2011, Novel role of platelets in mediating inflammatory responses and ventricular rupture or remodeling following myocardial infarction, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology [E], vol 31, issue 4, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 834-841.

Medcalf, R., 2011, Plasminogen activation-based thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke: The diversity of targets may demand new approaches, Current Drug Targets [P], vol 12, issue 12, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, Netherlands, pp. 1772-1781.

Niego, B., Samson, A., Petersen, K., Medcalf, R., 2011, Thrombin-induced activation of astrocytes in mixed rat hippocampal cultures is inhibited by soluble thrombomodulin, Brain Research [P], vol 1381, Elsevier BV, Netherlands, pp. 38-51.

Stasinopoulos, S., Mariasegaram, M., Gafforini, C.R.M., Nagamine, Y., Medcalf, R.L., 2010, The plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 transcript is destabilized via a multi-component 3' UTR localized adenylate and uridylate-rich instability element in an analogous manner to cytokines and oncogenes, Febs Journal [P], vol 277, issue 5, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, pp. 1331-1344.

Samson, A.L., Borg, R.J., Niego, B., Wong, C.H., Crack, P.J., Yongqing, T., Medcalf, R.L., 2009, A nonfibrin macromolecular cofactor for tPA-mediated plasmin generation following cellular injury, Blood [P], vol 114, issue 9, American Society of Hematology, USA, pp. 1937-1946.

Medcalf, R.L., Lijnen, R., 2009, International Society for Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis [E], vol 7, issue 12, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, USA, p. 2160.

Pretorius, L., Du, X., Woodcock, E.A., Kiriazis, H., Lin, R.C., Marasco, S.F., Medcalf, R.L., Ming, Z., Head, G.A., Tan, J., Cemerlang, N., Sadoshima, J., Shioi, T., Izumo, S., Lukoshkova, E.V., Dart, A.M., Jennings, G.L.R., McMullen, J.R., 2009, Reduced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p110alpha) activation increases the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation, American Journal Of Pathology [P], vol 175, issue 3, American Society for Investigative Pathology, USA, pp. 998-1009.

Niego, B., Horvath, A.J., Coughlin, P.B., Pugsley, M.K., Medcalf, R.L., 2008, Desmoteplase-mediated plasminogen activation and clot lysis are inhibited by the lysine analogue tranexamic acid, Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, vol 19, issue 4, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, pp. 322-324.

Samson, A.L., Nevin, S.T., Medcalf, R.L., 2008, Low molecular weight contaminants in commercial preparations of plasmin and t-PA activate neurons, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 6, issue 12, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom, United States, pp. 2218-2220.

Samson, A.L., Nevin, S.T., Croucher, D., Niego, B., Daniel, P.B., Weiss, T.W., Moreno, E., Monard, D., Lawrence, D.A., Medcalf, R.L., 2008, Tissue-type plasminogen activator requires a co-receptor to enhance NMDA receptor function, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol 107, issue 4, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK, USA, pp. 1091-1101.

Medcalf, R.L., 2007, Fibrinolysis, inflammation, and regulation of the plasminogen activating system, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 5, issue Supplement 1, Blackwell Publishing, UK, pp. 132-142.

Daniel, P.B., Lux, W., Samson, A.L., Schleuning, W., Niego, B., Weiss, T.W., Tjarnlung-Wolf, A., Medcalf, R.L., 2007, Two conserved regions within the tissue-type plasminogen activator gene promoter mediate regulation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, FEBS Journal, vol 274, issue 9, Blackwell Publishing, UK, pp. 2411-2423.

Medcalf, R.L., Mannucci, P.M., 2006, A tale of two societies, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 4, issue 6, Blackwell Publishing Inc, UK, pp. 1173-1174.

Weiss, T.W., Samson, A.L., Niego, B., Daniel, P.B., Medcalf, R.L., 2006, Oncostatin M is a neuroprotective cytokine that inhibits excitotoxic injury in vitro and in vivo, The FASEB Journal, vol 20, issue 13, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, USA, pp. 2369-2371.

Tjarnlund-Wolf, A., Olsson, L., Medcalf, R.L., Jern, C., 2006, Regulation of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator expression is modulated by the -7351C>T enhancer polymorphism [6], Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 4, issue 6, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford England, pp. 1414-1418.

Darnell, G.A., Schroder, W.A., Gardner, J., Harrich, D., Yu, H., Medcalf, R.L., Warrilow, D., Antalis, T.M., Sonza, S., Suhrbier, A., 2006, SerpinB2 Is an inducible host factor involved in enhancing HIV-1 transcription and replication, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 281, issue 42, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc., Bethesda USA, pp. 31348-31358.

Missen, M.A., Haylock, D.N., Whitty, G., Medcalf, R.L., Coughlin, P.B., 2006, Stage specific gene expression of serpins and their cognate proteases during myeloid differentiation, British Journal of Haematology, vol 135, issue 5, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford England, pp. 715-724.

Samson, A.L., Medcalf, R.L., 2006, Tissue-type plasminogen activator: a multifaceted modulator of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, Neuron, vol 50, issue 5, Cell Press, Cambridge USA, pp. 673-678.

Lux, W., Klobeck, H., Daniel, P.B., Costa, M., Medcalf, R.L., Schleuning, W., 2005, In vivo and in vitro analysis of the human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene promoter in neuroblastomal cell lines: Evidence for a functional upstream kappaB element, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 3, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford England, pp. 1009-1017.

Medcalf, R.L., 2005, Meet the serpins, FEBS Journal, vol 272, issue 19, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford UK, p. 4841.

Sachchithananthan, M., Stasinopoulos, S.J., Wilusz, J., Medcalf, R.L., 2005, The relationship between the prothrombin upstream sequence element and the G20210A polymorphism: The influence of a competitive environment for mRNA 3'-end formation, Nucleic Acids Research, vol 33, issue 3, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 1010-1020.

Stasinopoulos, S., Sachchithananthan, M., Medcalf, R.L., 2005, The role of the 3' UTR in regulated post-transcriptional gene expression, Australian Biochemist, vol 36, issue 3, Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Australia, pp. 13-16.

Tjarnlund Wolf, A., Medcalf, R.L., Jern, C., 2005, The t-PA -7351C>T enhancer polymorphism decreases Sp1 and Sp3 protein binding affinity and transcriptional responsiveness to retinoic acid, Blood, vol 105, issue 3, The American Society of Hematology, USA, pp. 1060-1067.

Medcalf, R.L., Stasinopoulos, S.J., 2005, The undecided serpin: The ins and outs of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2, The FEBS Journal, vol 272, issue 19, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford England, pp. 4858-4867.

Liu, H.B., Hu, Y.S., Medcalf, R.L., Simpson, R.W., Dear, A.E., 2005, Thiazolidinediones inhibit TNFalpha induction of PAI-1 independent of PPARgamma activation, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol 334, Academic Press, USA, pp. 30-37.

Nagamine, Y., Medcalf, R.L., Munoz-Canoves, P., 2005, Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the plasminogen activator system, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 93, issue 4, Schattauer GmbH, Germany, pp. 661-675.

Reddrop, C., Moldrich, R.X., Beart, P.M., Farso, M., Liberatore, G.T., Howells, D.W., Petersen, K., Schleuning, W., Medcalf, R.L., 2005, Vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator (desmoteplase) inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced potentiation of excitotoxic injury, Stroke, vol 36, issue 6, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia USA, pp. 1241-1246.

Cakarovski, K., Leung, J.Y., Restall, C., Carin-Carlson, A., Yang, E., Perlmutter, P., Anderson, R., Medcalf, R.L., Dear, A.E., 2004, Novel Inhibitors of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Metastatic Cancer Cell Lines, Internal Journal of Cancer, vol 110, issue 4, Wiley-Liss,Inc, USA, pp. 610-616.

Yu, H., Stasinopoulos, S., Leedman, P., Medcalf, R.L., 2003, Inherent instability of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 mRNA is regulated by tristetraprolin, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 278, issue 16, The American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Inc., Bethesda USA, pp. 13912-13918.

Plambeck, C.A., Kwan, A.H.Y., Adams, D.J., Westman, B.J., van der Weyden, L., Medcalf, R.L., Morris, B.J., Mackay, J.P., 2003, The structure of the zinc finger domain from human splicing factor ZNF265 fold, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 278, issue 25, American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Inc., Bethesda USA, pp. 22805-22811.

Liberatore, G.T., Samson, A.L., Bladin, C., Schleuning, W., Medcalf, R.L., 2003, Vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator (desmoteplase) - a unique fibrinolytic enzyme that does not promote neurodegeneration, Stroke, vol 34, issue 2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia USA, pp. 537-543.

Yu, H., Maurer, F., Medcalf, R., 2002, Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2: a regulator of monocyte proliferation and differentiation, BLOOD, vol 99, issue 8, American Society of Hematology, Washington DC USA, pp. 2810-2818.

Carter, A.M., Sachchithanthan, M., Stasinopoulos, S., Medcalf, R., Maurer, F., 2002, Prothrombin G20210A is a Bifunctional Gene Polymorphism, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 87, issue 5, Schattauer, Stuttgardt Germany, pp. 846-853.

Yu, H., Schleuning, W., Michl, M., Liberatore, G.T., Tan, S., Medcalf, R., 2001, Control elements between -9.5 and -3.0 kb in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene promoter direct spatial and inducible expression to the murine brain, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol 14, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford England, pp. 799-808.

Costa, M., Medcalf, R., 2001, Ectopic expression of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein inhibits phorbol ester-mediated induction of tissue-type plasminogen activator gene expression, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol 268, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford England, pp. 987-996.

Costa, M., Grant, P., Rice, G., Futers, S., Medcalf, R., 2001, Human endothelial cell-derived nuclear proteins that recognise polymorphic DNA elements in the von Willebrand factor gene promoter include YY1, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 86, issue 2, Schattauer GMBH Verlag Medizin Naturwissenschaften, Stuttgart Germany, pp. 672-679.

Black, S., Yu, H., Lee, J., Sachchithanthan, M., Medcalf, R., 2001, Physiologic concentrations of magnesium and placental apoptosis: Prevention by antioxidants, Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol 98, issue 2, Elsevier Science Inc, New York NY USA, pp. 319-324.

Tierney, M.J., Medcalf, R., 2001, Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 contains mRNA instability elements within exon 4 of the coding region, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 276, issue 17, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc, Bethesda MD USA, pp. 13675-13684.

Iannello, R., Gould, J., Young, J., Giudice, A., Medcalf, R.L., Kola, I., 2000, Methylation-dependent silencing of the testis-specific Pdha-2 basal promoter occus through selective targeting of an activating transcription factor/cAMP-responsive element-binding site, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol 275 issue 26, Amer Soc for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bethesda USA, pp. 19603-19608.

Costa, M., Shen, Y.O., Medcalf, R.L., 2000, Overexpression of a dominant negative CREB protein in HT-1080 cells selectively disrupts plaminogen activator inhibitor type 2 but not tissue-type plasminogen activator gene expression, FEBS Letters, vol 482, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 75-80.

Katsikis, J., Yu, H., Maurer, F., Medcalf, R.L., 2000, The molecular basis for the aberrant production of plasminogen activator inhibitor Type 2 in THP-1 monocytes, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol 84, FK Schattauer Verlag GMBH, Stuttgart Germany, pp. 468-473.

Dear, A.E., Medcalf, R.L., 2000, The novel anti-tumour agent oxamflatin differentially regulates urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 expression and inhibits urokinase-mediated proteolytic activity, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol 1492, Elsevier Science BV, Amersterdam Netherland, pp. 15-22.

Maurer, F., Tierney, M., Medcalf, R.L., 1999, An AU-rich sequence in the 3'-UTR of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) mRNA prmotoes PAI-2 mRNA decay and provides a binding site for nuclear HuR, Nucleic Acids Research, vol 27 issue 7, Oxford Univeristy Press, UK, pp. 1664-1673.

Dear, A.E., Medcalf, R.L., 1998, The urokinase-type-plasminogen-activator receptor (CD87) is a pleiotropic molecule, Eur. J. Biochem, vol 252, FEBS, Europe, pp. 185-193.

Costa, M., Shen, Y.O., Maurer, F., Medcalf, R.L., 1998, Transcriptional regulation of the tissue-type plasminogen activator gene in human endothelial cells: identification of nuclear factors that recognise functional elements in the tissue-type plasminogen-actovator gene promotoer, Euro. J. Biochem, vol 258, FEBS, Europe, pp. 123-131.

Dear, A.E., Costa, M., Medcalf, R.L., 1997, Urokinase-mediated transactivation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) gene promoter in HT-1080 calles utilises AP-1 binding sites and potentiates phorbol ester-mediated induction of endogenous PAI-2 mRNA, FEBS Letters, vol 402, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam Netherlands, pp. 265-272.

Costa, M., Medcalf, R.L., 1996, Differential Binding of cAMP-responsive-element(CRE)-binding Protein-1 and Activating Transcription Factor-2 to a CRE-Like Element in the Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Gene Promoter Correlates with Opposite Regulation of t-PA by Phor, FEBS Journal [E], vol 237, issue 3, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK, pp. 532-538.

Postgraduate Research Supervisions

Current Supervision

Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Investigating the effects of platelet-released factors (PRFs) on the brain.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Samson, A (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Investigating the long term effects of TBI on the immune and fibrinolytic system..
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Alderuccio, F (Associate), Sashindranath, M (Associate).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
Studies into the interaction between the plasminogen activating system and the blood-brain barrier.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main).
Program of Study:
(DOCTORATE BY RESEARCH).
Thesis Title:
The bone and bone marrow interface and its relationship to haematopoiesis.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main).

Completed Supervision

Student:
Black, S.
Program of Study:
REDOX REGULATION OF MAGNESIUM-INDUCED APOPTOSIS AND PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR TYPE 2 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN PLACENTA. (PHD) 2001.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Brennecke, S (Associate).
Student:
Borg, R.
Program of Study:
The role of the plasminogen activating system in the proteolytic and phagocytic clearance of non-viable cells. (PHD) 2012.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Samson, A (Associate).
Student:
Kosta, M.
Program of Study:
REGULATION OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. (PHD) 2000.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Salem, H (Associate).
Student:
Paterson, M.
Program of Study:
Characterisation of centerin: a germinal centre cell serpin. (PHD) 2007.
Supervisors:
Coughlin, P (Main), Medcalf, R (Associate).
Student:
Sachchithananthan, M.
Program of Study:
POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF PROTHROMBIN GENE EXPRESSION: THE INFLUENCE OF THE G20210A POLYMORPHISM. (PHD) 2005.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Stasinopoulos, S (Associate).
Student:
Samson, A.
Program of Study:
Investigation into the influence of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasmin on the neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. (PHD) 2006.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main).
Student:
Sofian, T.
Program of Study:
Structural and functional characterisation of the serpin; alpha2- antiplasmin. (PHD) 2009.
Supervisors:
Coughlin, P (Main), Horvath, A (Associate), Medcalf, R (Associate).
Student:
Tierney, M.
Program of Study:
POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR TYPE 2. (PHD) 2002.
Supervisors:
Medcalf, R (Main), Salem, H (Associate).