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Paper Title:
Evaluation of Seat Protection
in Low to Medium Severity Rear End Impacts by Means of the BioRID
II and Double Peak Crash Pulses
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Authors:
Ted Olsson, Niklas Truedsson,
Astrid Linder, Andrew Morris, Brian Fildes
Abstract:
Whiplash injuries are
still common in rear-end impacts, but research has shown the importance
of seat design in order to reduce this type of injury. This series
of sled tests is part of the Head and Seat Design Project undertaken
by MUARC for Holden Ltd.
A total of 21 sled tests
were performed with 4 different severities and 5 different seat
configurations. The dummy used was the BioRid II. The pulse was
of the double peak type with either 6 or 12 g as a maximum. The
Delta-V was either 15 or 25 km/h.
The results show that the type of dummy-seatback interaction is
very important. NICmax (cfc180) values between 8 and 61 m2 /s2 were
produced. Furthermore, upper neck forces (Fz) between 184 and 1676
N was produced. Several other parameters have been evaluated including
the upper neck moment, GDV rebound, T1 rebound at zero position
and head angular acceleration.
The type of crash pulse in these tests is shown to be of significance.
And also of importance is the fact that the dummy might need to
be more biofidelic in medium severity rear end impacts in order
to be able to measure possible injury risk since there is a risk
of an unnatural interaction between the head restraint and the upper
back of the dummy. This is likely to be the case for the Hybrid
III dummy as well.
One of the conclusions is that it is possible to get a whiplash
injury in current production seats.
The limitations of the
study were that only 5 types of seat configurations, only one dummy
position and also only 4 different severities were used in the study.
What is new to the field is that double peak pulses and medium crash
severities have been used in seat evaluation for whiplash injuries.
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